Recently, Vietnamese new immigrants have mounting impacts on Taiwan society. Yet, in the process of their integration into the host country, there are a variety of confrontations raised, especially, the ones correlate to employment issue. This study attempts to explore the challenges resisted by Vietnamese new immigrants in order to clearly percept their adaptation process in Taiwan society, whilst, to understand the support of Taiwan government by laying down the relevant policies. This study aims to explore two questions. What challenges are Vietnamese new immigrants confronting in their employment in Taiwan, and how the New Southbound Policy affect Vietnamese new immigrant’s employment.
The results of this study suggested that the challenges of Vietnamese new immigrant in their employment still remained constant. The root causes of them derived from their education level, occupational skills, family support and other factors that motivated and discouraged Vietnamese new immigrants from their employment in Taiwan. Moreover, the results revealed both positive impacts and negative consequence of the New Southbound Policy in support of Vietnamese new immigrants to eliminate the confrontations in their employment, such as creating more opportunities in seeking jobs, or accessing more the program of vocational training, and collecting financial support etc…Meanwhile, there were also some doubt views in the succession of the New Southbound Policy in support of Vietnamese new immigrant’s employment.
Keywords: Vietnamese new immigrants, cultural adaptation, employment, the New Southbound policy.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Purpose of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Cultural adaption 9
2.2 Cultural adaption and female 12
2.3 Cultural adaption and employment 14
2.4 Cultural adaption and government support 16
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 19
3.1 Interview 19
3.2 Ethical issues 28
CHAPTER FOUR: THE CHALLENGE OF VIETNAMESE NEW IMMIGRANTIN EMPLOYMENT 29
4.1. Before the New Southbound Policy 30
4.1.1. Educational level 30
4.1.2. Discrimination in workplace 37
4.1.3. Family’s support 42
4.1.4. Labor laws 46
4.2. After the New Southbound Policy 50
4.2.1. New Southbound Policy 51
4.2.2. Positive impact 56
4.2.3. Negative impact 70
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION 75
5.1 The challenge of Vietnamese new immigrant 75
5.2 Vietnamese new immigrants’ employment and cultural adaption in Taiwan 76
5.3 Limitation and the potentiality of further research 78
REFERENCE 80
THE INTERVIEW CONTEXT 89

Alan H. Yang. (2017). Revisiting Taiwan's New Southbound Policy: Agenda, Networks and Challenges. Issues and Studies, 56(1), 123-143.
Baomoi. (2017). Cộng đồng người Việt Nam là tài sản quý đối với Đài Loan. Retrieved from http://www.baomoi.com/cong-dong-nguoi-viet-nam-la-tai-san-quy-doi-voi-dai-loan/c/21438452.epi
Bassanini, A., & Saint-Martin, A. (2008). The price of prejudice: Labour market discrimination on the grounds of gender and ethnicity.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied psychology, 46(1), 5-34.
Berry, J. W., & Sam, D. L. (1997). Acculturation and adaptation. Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, 3(2), 291-326.
Bonnie S. Glaser, S. K., Derek Mitchell & Matthew P. Funaiole, . (2018). The New Southbound Policy: Deepening Taiwan’s Regional Integration. In (pp. 10).
Cerna, L. (2013). The nature of policy change and implementation: a review of different theoretical approaches. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) report.
Chen-Chung John. (2017). The Report of New Southbound Policy. Paper presented at the New Southbound Policy: Opportunities, Challengges and Human Capacity Building, Taipei.
Chen-Lee, L.-Y. (2002). The marriage foreign brides and their families in Kaohsiung City. Unpublished Master Dissertation, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung.
Chen Su Ling. (2018). broadening the sope of finacial support for new immgrant in techinacal test (新住民技能檢定 放寬補助). Retrieved from https://udn.com/news/story/7314/2984108
Chen, Z., & Wu, Y. (2007). The relationship between education and employment: A theoretical analysis and empirical test. Frontiers of Economics in China, 2(2), 187-211. doi:10.1007/s11459-007-0010-4
Cheng, C. C. (2010). A study of inter-cultural marital conflict and satisfaction in Taiwan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(4), 354-362.
Chris Horton. (2017). Taiwan Looks to Offset a Drop in Tourism From China. The New York Times.
Chun, C.-A., & Choi, J. M. (2003). The violence of assimilation and psychological well-being. The emerging monoculture, 75-84.
Chung-li Wu. (2002). Controversies over the Consequences of Divided Government in American Politics: The Perspective of Public Administration and Policy. EurAmerica, 32(2), 271-316.
Church, A. T. (1982). Sojourner adjustment. Psychological bulletin, 91(3), 540.
Colic-Peisker, V. (2005). ‘At least you're the right colour’: Identity and social inclusion of Bosnian refugees in Australia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(4), 615-638.
Constable, N. (2009). The commodification of intimacy: Marriage, sex, and reproductive labor. Annual Review of Anthropology, 38.
Croucher, S. M. (2011). Social networking and cultural adaptation: A theoretical model. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 4(4), 259-264.
Dion, K. K. (2001). Gender and cultural adaptation in immigrant families. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 511-521.
Dunja, L., & Arunachalam, D. (2009). Cultural and economic adaptation of Sudanese refugee migrants in Melbourne: A Dandenong case study. The future of sociology. Paper presented at the The Australian Sociological Association, Canberra, 1À4 December (pp. 1À15).
EFA Global. (2014). Educational Attainment and employment outcomes. Retrieved from Rome:
Erickson BH. (1979). Some Problem of from Chain Data. Annal of Mathematical Statistics, 270-320.
Etikan, I., Alkassim, R., & Abubakar, S. (2016). Comparison of snowball sampling and sequential sampling technique. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 3(1), 55.
Executive Yuan. (2017). New Southbound Policy Promotion Plan. Retrieved from http://english.ey.gov.tw/News_Hot_Topic.aspx?n=D61190201622DA50&sms=B5449820D7077391
Explorable. (2010). Sequential Sampling Method. Retrieved from https://explorable.com/sequential-sampling
Flowerdew, R., & Martin, D. M. (2008). Tell me about...: using interviews as a research methodology. In Methods in Human Geography (pp. 134-151): Routledge.
Gill, P., Stewart, K., Treasure, E., & Chadwick, B. (2008). Methods of data collection in qualitative research: interviews and focus groups. Bdj, 204, 291. doi:10.1038/bdj.2008.192
Gush, K., Scott, J., & Laurie, H. (2015). Job loss and social capital: The role of family, friends and wider support networks. Retrieved from
Hasan köni. (1966). Theories of political decision - making in foreign policy. Turkish Public Administration Annual. Retrieved from http://www.todaie.edu.tr/resimler/ekler/1d2fc35953f48ab_ek.pdf?dergi=Turkish%20Public%20Administration%20Annual
Hou Li An. (2016). Vietnames tour guide is in short of supplying (越語導遊超缺 每月帶兩團薪水高達). Retrieved from https://video.udn.com/news/531459
Jiang Ming Xiu, & Lin Yu Jian. (2008). A Research of Employment Guide and Social Capital for New Imigration (新移民就業輔導政策與社會資本之研究). (MA), National Chengchi University, Taipei.
Jing, W. M. (2004). Life Adjustment and Relationship Development for Foreign Spouses from South East Asia－A sample study of Nantou County (東南亞外籍配偶在台的生活適應與人際關係之研究). (MA), Nan Hua University, Nan Tou.
Johnston, L. G., & Sabin, K. (2010). Sampling hard-to-reach populations with respondent driven sampling. Methodological innovations online, 5(2), 38-48.
Katz, C. (1994). Playing the field: questions of fieldwork in geography. The Professional Geographer, 46(1), 67-72.
Kim, Y. (2009). Cross-cultural adaptation theory. In W. Littlejohn & K. A. Foss (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. Thousand Oaks
Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/communicationtheory. doi:10.4135/9781412959384
Kim, Y. Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation: Sage.
Labor, M. o. (2016). Employment Service Act Retrieved from https://laws.mol.gov.tw/Eng/FLAWDAT0201.aspx?lsid=FL015128
Lê Nguyễn Đoan Khôi, N. V., Em, N., & Ngọc, N. T. B. (2012). Analysis of socio-economics efficiency of international marriage – The study of Vietnamese and Taiwanese/Korean mariages in the Mekong River Delta (Phân Tích Hiệu Quả Kinh Tế-Xã Hội Trong Hôn Nhân Quốc Tế: Nghiên Cứu Phụ Nữ Lấy Chồng Đài Loan Và Hàn Quốc Ở Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long). Science Journal of Cantho University (Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Cần Thơ), 24, 190-198.
Leung, H.-C., & Lee, K.-M. (2005). Immigration controls, life-course coordination, and livelihood strategies: a study of families living across the mainland-Hong Kong border. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 26(4), 487-507.
Li Jian Zhong. (2006). A Study on the Employment Difficulties of Foreign Spouses in Yu-Lin County (雲林縣新移民女性就業困境分析). Nan Hua University, Jia Yi.
Liao Xi Feng. (2002). Exploring The Related Factors of Family Life Cycle And Human Capital Affecting Women's Employment: A Case Study of Female In Taipei (影響女性就業之家庭生命週期與人力資本相關因素之探討—以台北市婦女為例). (MA), National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Lin Xiu Ben. (2016). 蔡總統：教育部編10億元　補助新住民子女學習父母原生國語言.
Lindstrom, L., Doren, B., Metheny, J., Johnson, P., & Zane, C. (2007). Transition to Employment: Role of the Family in Career Development. Exceptional Children, 73(3), 348-366. doi:10.1177/001440290707300305
Lu Mei Hong. (2001). Life Adjustment and Marital Satisfaction of Foreign Brides from Southeast Asia (外籍新娘生活適應與婚姻滿意及其相關因素之研究--以台灣地區東南亞新娘為例). (MA), Chinese Culture University, Taipei.
Miwa, K. (2009). Host majority group members' acculturation attitudes towards immigrant groups.
Montagliani, A., & Giacalone, R. A. (1998). Impression management and cross-cultural adaption. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138(5), 598-608.
Ng, T. K., Tsang, K. K., & Lian, Y. (2013). Acculturation strategies, social support, and cross-cultural adaptation: a mediation analysis. Asia Pacific Education Review, 14(4), 593-601.
Nguyen Viet Khoi. (2017). Detreminants for Taiwan’s R&Ds Investment into Vietnam: An updated survey from Vietnam Nationwide. Paper presented at the Detreminants for Taiwan’s R&Ds Investment into Vietnam: An updated survey from Vietnam Nationwide, Taipei.
Noh, S., Wu, Z., Speechley, M., & Kaspar, V. (1992). Depression in Korean immigrants in Canada: II. Correlates of gender, work, and marriage. Journal of Nervous and Mental disease.
Peeters, M. C. W., & Oerlemans, W. (2009). The Relationship Between Acculturation Orientations and Work-Related Well-Being: Differences Between Ethnic Minority and Majority Employees (Vol. 16).
Pan Zi An, T. W. F., Liang Jian Min, . (2017). 新住民婦女就業現況之探討－以高雄市鳳山區為例.
Pitts, M. J. (2009). Identity and the role of expectations, stress, and talk in short-term student sojourner adjustment: An application of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(6), 450-462.
Podrug, N., Krišto, M., & Kovač, M. (2014). Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Croatian Expatriates. Ekonomski pregled, 65(5), 453-472.
Pope, C., & Mays, N. (1999). Qualitative research in health care: BMJ books London, UK:.
Qing, Z. (2010). Adaptation structure, influence factors and relationship with job satisfaction: A study employees Shanghai those return from overseas. Unpublished Manuscript). East China Normal University.
Rogler, L. H., Cortes, D. E., & Malgady, R. G. (1991). Acculturation and mental health status among Hispanics: Convergence and new directions for research. American psychologist, 46(6), 585.
Rong, H. Q. (2003). Exploring the Education of Transnational Marriage Imigration (跨國婚姻移民教育初探── 從一些思考陷阱談起 ). Adult Education Bimonthly, 75, 2-10.
Rowland Atkinson & John Flint. (2004). Snowball sampling. In M. S. Lewis-BeckA. Bryman & T. F. Liao (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. Thousand Oaks
Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/socialscience. doi:10.4135/9781412950589
Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2006). The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology: Cambridge University Press.
Schein, L. (2005). Marrying out of place: Hmong/Miao women across and beyond China. Cross-border marriages: Gender and mobility in transnational Asia, 53-79.
Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14(4), 449-464.
Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook: SAGE Publications Limited.
Simon, R. J., & Brettell, C. B. (1986). International migration: the female experience.
Smith-Castro, V. (2003). Acculturation and psychological adaptation. Westport, Connecticut.
Tansey, O. (2007). Process tracing and elite interviewing: a case for non-probability sampling. PS: Political Science & Politics, 40(4), 765-772.
Thai, H. C. (2008). For better or for worse: Vietnamese international marriages in the new global economy: Rutgers University Press.
The Office of Economic Negotiation. (2018). The New Southbound Policy (新南向政策) Retrieved from https://achievement.ey.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=53E4AD5EA2AE7FA6&s=14FD3DABF66DD6F0
The Office of New - Southbound Policy. (2017). The New Southbount Talent Development in ASEAN, India, and Sri Lanka(東協 10 國+印度+斯里蘭卡 -人才培育及交流合作策略規劃) Retrieved from www.edunsbp.tw/album/dl/58e459d7d766f.docx
The Office of Vietnam Industry. (2017). Taiwan is seeking bag to put eggs in. Retrieved from http://vcci-hcm.org.vn/kinh-te-gioi/dai-loan-di-tim-gio-bo-trung-tt6933.html
Thi, H. X. N., & Hugo, G. (2005). Marriage migration between Vietnam and Taiwan: A view from Vietnam. Paper presented at the Ceped-Cicred-Ined Conference on Female Deficit in Asia: Trends and Perspectives. Asian MetaCenter for Population and Sustainable Development Analysis, Singapore.
Treven. (2001). Human resources management in international organization. Management, 6(1-2), 177-189.
Tuoi, N. T. (2016). The transnation of Vietnamese food in Taiwan: Case stydy of Vietnamese run restaurants in Hualien (Master ), National Donghwa University
Vnexpress. (2016). Đài Loan miễn visa có điều kiện cho Việt Nam từ ngày 1/9. Retrieved from http://dulich.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/viet-nam/dai-loan-mien-visa-co-dieu-kien-cho-viet-nam-tu-ngay-1-9-3461635.html
Wang Hong Ren. (2001). Social Stratification, Vietnamese Partners Migration and Taiwan Labour Market (社會階層化下的婚姻移民與國內勞動市場: 以越南新娘為例). Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies (台灣社會研究季刊)(41), 99-127.
Wang, H. z. (2007). Hidden Spaces of Resistance of the Subordinated: Case Studies from Vietnamese Female Migrant Partners in Taiwan 1. International migration review, 41(3), 706-727.
Wei, L.-C. (2017). Exploring Cross-cultural Adjustment and Training Challenges: The Influence of Human Resource Development on Taiwan New Southbound Policy. Paper presented at the Global Conference on Services Management (GLOSERV 2017).
Williams, L. (2010). Global marriage: Cross-border marriage migration in global context: Springer.
Wu, Y.-L. (2013). Vietnamese new immigrant Women's Learning in Taiwanese Higher Education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 3297-3302.
Xiao Yuxin (2017). [The big lack of South East Asia tour guide (東南亞語導遊缺口大 考照盼放寬)].
Yang Jia Yin. (2015). The Study on the Vocational Training Contracting Out for New Immigrants by Taiwan Local Government: A Case Study in Taoyuan City (台灣地方政府新移民職業訓練契約委外 之研究：以桃園市為例). (碩士), National Central University, Taoyuan.
Yi, Y. S. (2004). Employment problem of female Vietnam spouses in Taiwan (台灣地區女性越南籍配偶就業問題之研究分析). (MA), Chinese Culture University, Taipei.
Young Yun Kim. (2001). Becoming Intercultural: An Integrative Theory of Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation. In. Retrieved from http://sk.sagepub.com/books/becoming-intercultural doi:10.4135/9781452233253
Zeng Zhi Xiang. (2016). The combination of the New Southbound Policy, the big step of the Bureau of Immigration (結合新南向, 移民署大步走). Immigration Bimonthly, 12, 3-4.
Zhang Ji Fen. (1995). A Critical Evaluation of Women's Labor Market Experiences in Taiwan (台灣婦女工作處境之探討). Journal of Labor Studies (勞資關係論叢)(3), 153-171.
張正，. (2018). 新南向與新移民政策的五個「不要」，簡稱「新新五不」. Retrieved from https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/91/article/6493
杜文卿. (2015). “黨慶使節酒會 蔡英文提新南向政策. 大紀元.
林宜靜. (2017). 觀光新南向！新北培育11新住民通過外語導遊筆試 Retrieved from http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20170424000922-260415
楊昊. (2017). 檢視臺灣的新南向政策:議程、網絡與挑戰. 問題與研究, 56(1), 123-140.
蕭新煌、楊昊. (2017). 新南向政策的願景與挑戰. 戰略安全研析, 136, 06-13.