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作者:張兆鑫
作者(英文):Chao-Hsin Chang
論文名稱:讀者劇場對EFL五年級小學生閱讀之影響
論文名稱(英文):The Impact of Readers Theater on Reading of EFL Elementary Students
指導教授:曾月紅
指導教授(英文):Yueh-Hung Tseng
口試委員:施雅純
李利德
口試委員(英文):Ya-Chun Shih
Li-Te Li
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立東華大學
系所名稱:英美語文學系
學號:610102607
出版年(民國):108
畢業學年度:107
語文別:英文
論文頁數:85
關鍵詞:讀者劇場閱讀
關鍵詞(英文):Readers Theaterreading
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在21世紀,隨著學習英語的日益普及,英語在生活中扮演重要的角色。在台灣,國小英語教師注重聽、說和寫,但缺乏閱讀的重要性。
本研究旨在探討實施讀者劇場對於EFL五年級小學生閱讀之影響。研究對象為花蓮縣的一所國小,10位國小五年級的學生,包括6名男生和4名女生。研究者進行9週的讀者劇場活動。此篇為質性研究論文。資料來源為學生的開放式問卷、訪談和研究者的反思日誌。
藉由三角檢證法分析研究資料,研究結果顯示,學生在讀者劇場活動中,能增進閱讀。研究者也提供研究結果和建議,提供國小英語教師作為參考。
In the 21st century, with the growing popularity of learning English, English is playing an important role in our everyday lives. In Taiwan, English teachers at elementary school emphasize the importance of listening, speaking, writing, with reading lacking.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Readers Theater on reading of EFL fifth-grade elementary school students in Hualien County. The ten participants included six boys and four girls. The ninth-week Readers Theater program was conducted by the researcher. This is a qualitative study. The data collected included results of students’ open-ended questionnaires, interviews, and the researcher’s reflective journals.
By using triangulation for data analysis, the results showed that students during the Readers Theater program did enhance their English reading. The researcher also has provided the findings of the research and suggestions for elementary English school teachers as a reference.
Acknowledgements ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background and Statement of the Problem 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 The Purpose of the Study 3
1.4 Research Questions 3
1.5 Significance of the Study 4
1.6 Limitations of the Study 4
1.7 Definitions of Terms 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Readers Theater 9
2.1.1 The Empirical Studies on Readers Theater 12
2.2 Reading 15
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 21
3.1 Research Design 21
3.2 Case Study 22
3.3 The Role of the Researcher 23
3.4 Research Context 24
3.5 Sampling 25
3.6 The Participants 27
3.7 Instructional Design 27
3.7.1 Implementing Readers Theater 29
3.7.2 Picture Books 32
3.7.3 Scripts 34
3.7.4 Props 35
3.8 Instruments and Data Collection 35
3.8.1 Open-ended Questionnaire and Interview 36
3.8.2 The Researcher’s Reflective Journals 38
3.9 Qualitative Data Analysis 38
3.10 Trustworthiness 42
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 43
4.1 Reading holistically 43
4.1.1 Summary 44
4.2 Connecting to Life Experience 44
4.2.1 Summary 48
4.3 Interacting with Classmates through the Text 49
4.3.1 Summary 52
4.4 Sharing Thoughts 53
4.4.1 Summary 61
4.5 Using the Actions 61
4.5.1 Summary 64
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 65
5.1 Conclusion 65
5.2 Pedagogical Implications 66
5.3 Recommendations for Future Studies 68
ENGLISH REFERENCES 69
CHINESE REFERENCES 74
APPENDICES 75
Appendix A: The Informed Consent Form 75
Appendix B: The Web of Readers Theater
(Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?) 76
Appendix C: The Web of Readers Theater
(The Smart Turtle) 77
Appendix D: The Web of Readers Theater
(The Town and the Country Mouse) 78
Appendix E: Readers Theater Script 1
(Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?) 79
Appendix F: Readers Theater Script 2
(The Smart Turtle) 80
Appendix G: Readers Theater Script 3
(The Town and the Country Mouse) 81
Appendix H: Open-ended Questionnaire 83
Appendix I: The Form of the Researcher’s Reflective Journal 84
Appendix J: Interview Questions 85

List of Tables
Table 2.1 Related research on Readers Theater 13
Table 3.1 The schedule for the Readers Theater program 28
Table 3.2 The description of the picture books 32
Table 3.3 Scripts and time frame in the Readers Theater program 35
Table 3.4 Timeline of date collection 36
Table 3.5 The list of codes 41
Table 3.6 Relationship between the research question, data collection and data analysis 41

List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Conceptual framework of the literature 9
Figure 3.1 Concept map of research design 21
Figure 3.2 Research design of the qualitative study 22
Figure 3.3 Procedure of implementing Readers Theater 30
Figure 3.4 Data analysis in qualitative research 39
Figure 4.1 Nina’s picture 1 54
Figure 4.2 Nina’s picture 2 56
Figure 4.3 Mick’s picture 57
Figure 4.4 Gary’s picture 59
Figure 4.5 Tommy’s picture 60

ENGLISH REFERENCES
Blachowicz, C., & Ogle, D. (2008). Reading comprehension: Strategies for independent learners. New York: Guilford.
Bosma, B. (1992). Fairy tales, fables, legends, and myths: Using folk literature in your classroom. New York and London: Teachers College Columbia U.
Chang, Y. W. (2013). Effects of Readers Theater on sixth grade underachievers’ english reading proficiency. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin County. [張怡文 (2013)。讀者劇場對國小六年級低成就學童閱讀理解之影響。未出版碩士論文,國立雲林科技大學,雲林縣。]
Chow, M., Dobson, L., Hurst, M., & Nucich, J. (1991). Whole Language: Practical Ideas. Ontario: Pippin Publishing Limited.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3th ed.). London: Sage.
Dechant, E. (1991). Understanding and teaching reading: An interactive model. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum Association.
Fredericks, A.D. (2001). Guided reading for grades 3-6. Austin, TX: Harcourt Achieve.

Fredericks, A.D. (2008). Building fluency with Readers Theater. Motivational strategies, successful lessons and dynamic scripts to develop fluency, comprehension, writing and vocabulary. Westport, Connecticut: Teacher Ideas Press.
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The qualitative report, 8(4) , 597-606.
Goodman, K. (1970). Reading as a psycholinguistic guessing game. In H. Singer, &; R. B. Ruddell (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (pp. 497-508). Newark, N.J.: International Reading Association.
Goodman, K. (1996). Ken Goodman on reading. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Goodman, Y., & Watson, D.J. (1977). A reading program to live with: Focus on comprehension. Language Arts. 54 (8) , 868-879.
Guthrie, J. T., &; Wigfield, A. (2000). Engagement and motivation in Reading. Handbook of Reading Research, 3, 405.
Huang, C. Y. (2014). The effects of Readers Theater on sixth grade EFL Learners’ word recognition, reading comprehension, and reading motivation. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County. [黃禎怡 (2014)。讀者劇場對國小六年級學童英語認字能力, 閱讀理解及閱讀動機之影響。未出版碩士論文,國立中正大學,嘉義縣。]
Lai, H. J. (2015). The research of Reader’s Theater on reading comprehension ability of third grade students in elementary schools. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City. [賴虹嘉 (2015)。讀者劇場教學對三年級學童閱讀理解能力之影響。未出版碩士論文,國立臺中教育大學,台中市。]
Martin, B. (1992). Brown bear, brown bear, what do you see? New York : Holt.
Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Miles, M. B., &; Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded source-book (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park, C. A.: Sage.
Peng, S. W. (2009). The effects of Readers Theater on english reading ability of fourth graders in an elementary school in taiwan. Unpublished master‘s thesis, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin County. [彭淑琬(2009)。讀者劇場對小學四年級學童閱讀能力提升之成效。未出版碩士論文,國立雲林科技大學,雲林縣。]
Rasinski, T. & Padak, N. (2004). Effective reading strategies: Teaching children who find reading difficult, 3rd Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Rasinski, T. V. (2003). The fluent reader: oral reading strategies for building word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. New York: Scholastic.
Sanders, J. B. (1981). Case study methodology: A critique. In W. W. Welsh (ed.), Case study methodology in Educational Evaluation. Proceedings of the 1981 Minnesota Evaluation Conference. Minneapolis: Minnesota Research and Evaluation Center. (ERIC Document No. ED 249 285)
Short, K.G., Harste, J.C., & Burke, C.L. (1996). Creating classrooms for authors and inquirers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Smith, J. W., & Elley, W. B. (1997). How children learn to read: Insights from the New Zealand experience. Auckland, New Zealand: Longman.
Tseng, Y. H. (1997). Whole Language for beginners in the EFL classroom. The Sixth International Symposium on English Teaching, 531-539, Taipei: Crane.
Wigfield, A. (2000). Facilitating children’s reading motivation. In L. Baker, M. J. Dreher & J. T. Guthrie (Eds.), Engaging young readers: Promoting achievement and motivation (pp. 140-158). New York: The Guilford Press.
Wolf, S. (1998). The Flight of Reading: Shifts in Instruction, Orchestration, and Attitudes through Classroom Theatre, Reading Research Quarterly, 33 , 382-410.
Wolf, S. A. (1993). What’s in a name? Labels and literacy in Readers Theatre. The Reading Teacher, 46 , 540-545.
Wong, A. (2002). Town mouse and country mouse. England, Harlow Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
Woolley, G. (2011). Reading comprehension: Assisting children with learning difficulties. New York: Springer.
Worthy, J. (2005). Readers Theater for building fluency: Strategies and scripts for making the most of this highly effective, motivating, and research-based approach to oral reading. New York, NY: Scholastic.
Worthy, J., & Prater, K. (2002) “I Thought About It All Night”: Readers Theatre for Reading Fluency and Motivation. The Reading Teacher, 56 , 294-297.


CHINESE REFERENCES
李晏戎 譯 (2005)。讀者劇場-RT如何教 Readers Theater in the classroom。 Walker, L.原著。台北:東西出版社。
洪月女 譯(1998)。談閱讀(On reading)。Goodman, K. S.原著。台北:心理出版社。
鄒文莉(2006)。教室裡的迷你劇場-增進孩子英語讀寫能力的讀者劇場教學資源。台北:東西圖書。
曾月紅 (2000)。兒童英語文教學-全語文觀點。台北:五南文化出版社。
楊耀琦(2011)。讀者劇場Easy show:Readers Theater Funny Stories。台北:小東西出版社。
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