The main goal of a nation-state in initiating the internationalization in higher education is
generally seen as economically oriented. However, the vast efforts of Taiwan’s
internationalization strategies have been notified of the political rationales in amplifying soft
power, the nation’s attractiveness, by harnessing high education as the major conduit for the
expansion of Taiwan’s intellectual visibility. The internationalization program has primarily
aimed to mobilize international students to forge a pool of cultural emissaries worldwide and to
construct Taiwan as a prestigious higher education hub in Asia and beyond. This research,
therefore, examined this scheme via the mixed methods: a) policy analysis for historical
contemplation of Taiwan internationalization in higher education, and b) the online selfinstructed
survey for the personal inclination to promote Taiwan higher education recognition
responded by 210 National Dong Hwa University’s international students.
The findings of policy analysis reveal the prowess of Taiwan internationalization that has
been manipulated by the swinging colors of Pan-blue Kuomintang and Pan-green Democratic
Progressive Party from 1950 until today towards Taiwan’s international students’ ethnocultural
preferences. The survey results signified both opportunity and challenges for Taiwan’s policy
implementation. The great deals of the total respondents, although, expressed their admiration
towards Taiwan as a welcoming place for international scholars, and incline to pass on their
study experiences to their communal peers, their moderate attitudes towards Taiwan as the
world’s top higher education center indicates the cornerstone for the future development of
Taiwan’s soft power and internationalization strategies in higher education.

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................ i
Abstract............................................................................................................................... ii
Chapter One: Introduction ...............................................................................................................1
Research Introduction ..................................................................................................................1
Research Objectives.....................................................................................................................8
Research Outcomes......................................................................................................................8
Chapter Two: Literature Review .....................................................................................................9
The contemporary mobility of international students ..................................................................9
Theorization of international student mobility under state-protagonist narration......................11
Push-pull factors.....................................................................................................................11
Human Capitals......................................................................................................................13
Globalization in higher education ..........................................................................................14
Theorization of international student mobility under individual-protagonist narration.............16
Soft power in higher education and contemporary application..................................................20
Soft power in higher education and internationalization in Asia ...............................................22
The investigation of individuals’ self-expression towards soft power resource ........................27
Personal characteristics ..........................................................................................................28
Inclination in promoting Taiwan’s higher education recognition ..........................................30
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................32
Chapter Three: Methodology.........................................................................................................35
The qualitative approach for the politic-orientation of Taiwan’s internationalization ..............35
The quantitative approach to the exploration of international students’ behavioral tendency...36
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................45
Chapter Four: Policy Analysis.......................................................................................................47
The policy of Taiwan’s internationalization in higher education...............................................47
The 1st phase of Taiwan’s non-citizen student recruitment: 1950-2000s..................................49
The 2nd phase of Taiwan non-citizen student recruitment: 2000s – present .............................54
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................61
Chapter Five: Survey Results.........................................................................................................63
NDHU international students personal characteristics...............................................................63
The inclination of NDHU international students to promote Taiwan’s higher education
recognition (Ther) ......................................................................................................................70
Hypothesis-testing......................................................................................................................75
Interpretation of the results ........................................................................................................80
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................81
Chapter Six: Discussion & Conclusion..........................................................................................83
Taiwan soft power in higher education the review of the past, the present for the future .........83
Conclusion and Implication: From Taiwan’s internationalization to soft power concept .........88
Appendix........................................................................................................................................93
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................103

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