Abstract
The democratization in Indonesia has been progressing steadily over the past decade. The end of an authoritarian system in 1998 helped political elite to craft and stabilize a political transition which was mainly characterized in the product of frequent, free and fair elections, peaceful power rotations, effective elected officials and separation of powers, inclusive suffrage, freedom of expression, independence of the media and associational autonomy. In other words, Indonesia has successfully developed the main attributes of a democratic country, according to most theories of procedural democracy within one decade.
However, the successful completion of Indonesia procedural democracy is not sufficient to the sustainability of democracy. Democracy needs the consolidation of institutionalization and internalization in the majority of people. Therefore, to which extent Indonesia has consolidated its democracy in the two decades of the post-reformation and the challenges of the achievement of Indonesia democratic consolidation in need of the analysis.
The development of democracy should be addressed to the regime governing in Indonesia in order to understand the present problems of democratic consolidation through the political and societal facts. This study found that the present problem of democratic consolidation in Indonesia is mainly due to the inconsistent commitment of political elites for instance in the attainment of power in the regional election, internal political party conflict, and the resurgence of racial and religious issues.
Key Words: political transition, consolidation of democracy, political elites, Wolfgang Merkel

Abstract i

Chapter One: Introduction 1
A. Research Background 1
B. Research Questions 4
C. Research Objective 4

Chapter Two: Review of the Literature 5
A. Discussion on the Term of Consolidation 5
B. Different Concepts of Consolidation 6

Chapter Three: Methodology 11
A. Research Analysis Strategy 11

Chapter Four: Institutional Consolidation 15
A. Merkel’s on Institutional Consolidation 15
B. Constitutional Amendments after Reform 17
C. Constitutional Consolidation under President Joko Widodo 21
1. Amendment of the Mass Organization Law 21
2. Amendment of the Election Law 23
D. Conclusion 26

Chapter Five: Representative Consolidation 29
A. Merkel’s on Representative Consolidation 29
B. Representative Consolidation under President Joko Widodo 30
1. The Divided Government during Joko Widodo Administration 30
2. The Deliberation on the Revision of Election Law 36
C. Conclusion 38

Chapter Six: Behavioral Consolidation 41
A. Merkel’s on Behavioral Consolidation 41
B. Behavioral Consolidation under President Joko Widodo 41
1. The Protest on the Inauguration of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama 42
2. The Related Blasphemy Case to Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 44
3. Military Forces 47
4. Business Elite 48
C. Conclusion 50

Chapter Seven: Democratic Consolidation of Civic Culture 53
A. Merkel’s on Civic Culture 53
B. Indonesia Civic Culture 55
C. Conclusion 63

Chapter Eight: Discussion 65

Appendix 71

Bibliography 77

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