斑腿樹蛙為近十年來快速在臺灣許多縣市拓殖族群的外來種，為瞭解斑腿樹蛙在各縣市的族群遺傳方面的訊息，本研究使用微衛星DNA來探討各年度各縣市族群，斑腿樹蛙的族群遺傳結構為何。2012至2016年的結果顯示新北市八里挖子尾不管在對偶基因數或是特有基因數上，都高於其他族群。族群間的遺傳分化指數結果顯示，除了2014年臺北市富陽公園、桃園市私人菜園、新北市八里挖子尾等三個族群無明顯分化以外，各年度其他族群間皆有遺傳分化。空間地理距離與遺傳分化的相關分析顯示，斑腿樹蛙族群的分化程度並未受到地理距離影響。另外，分析各年度族群是否受到瓶頸效應，結果顯示新北市八里挖子尾、桃園市私人菜園、彰化縣田尾國小以及雲林縣新厝公園等族群有曾受到瓶頸效應影響。最後拓殖路徑分析結果顯示，新北市有最大的可能性是起始族群。

The spot-legged tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus) is an alien species that colonized Taiwan in or before 2005 and it has established several distinct populations during the past ten years. I investigated the population genetic structure of the populations of spot-legged tree frog in Taiwan based on microsatellite DNA markers. Comparing the allelic diversity across 6 loci among 8 sites, the population in New Taipei City had the highest number of alleles, effective alleles and private alleles. The fixation index (FST) ranged from 0 to 0.292, showing the significant genetic differentiation among all sampling populations. The correlation between FST and the geographic distances among sites is not significant. The bottleneck effect was detected in the population of New Taipei City, Taoyun City, Changhua County and Yunlin County. The analysis of invasion history of 8 populations showed that New Taipei City population was most likely to be the first established P. megacephalus population in Taiwan.

一、 前言 1
二、 材料與方法 7
2.1 研究物種 7
2.2 樣本採集與樣區 8
2.3 DNA萃取 8
2.4 微衛星基因座的擴增與定型 9
2.5 族群遺傳結構分析 10
2.6 外來種斑腿樹蛙拓殖路徑分析 11
三、 結果 13
3.1 PCR成功率與基因座數量挑選 13
3.2 遺傳多樣性 13
3.3 族群遺傳結構 15
3.4 各年度族群的有效族群大小及瓶頸效應 17
3.5 拓殖路徑情景分析 17
四、 討論 19
4.1 PCR成功率及基因座特性探討 19
4.2 臺灣地區斑腿樹蛙族群遺傳多樣性及結構探討 20
4.3 臺灣地區斑腿樹蛙族群監控建議 25
五、 參考文獻 49
附錄一、各縣市族群各年度個基因座的對偶基因數(A)、有效對偶基因數(Ae)、特有基因數(Ap)、異型合子實際值(Ho)與異型合子期望值(He)。 56
附錄二、利用DIYABC軟體預測族群播遷路徑 58

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