使用水熱法來合成二氧化鈦聚集體，合成出的奈米顆粒大小約 300 nm-1 μm，來達到高散射效果，由於此聚集體除了形貌類似繡球之外其顆粒大小也適合用於散射層，混入 P25 可以促進散射層與工作電極更加嵌合，使其效率提升。
　　氧化石墨烯在電解液中可以降低電子再複合，以此提升染料敏化 太陽能電池電流大小進而提升效率，本研究將氧化石墨烯加入蒸餾水中後冷凍，冷凍過後做冷凍乾燥法，以冷凍乾燥來改質單層氧化石墨烯，使其多孔性增加，並添入液態電解液中，使其均勻存於電解液中，多空隙可以增進電流傳輸，以此來提升染料敏化太陽能電池的特性。

　　In this study, by using hydrothermal method to synthesis titanium dioxide aggregation. The particle size was about 300 nanometer to 1 micrometer to achieve high scattering effect, and the morphology was similar with hydrangea. By mixing hydrangea TiO2 and P25-TiO2, makes more fitting with scattering electrode and the working electrode, so that efficiency can be improved.
　　Graphene Oxide can reduce the recombination of electrons in the electrolyte, we used freeze-drying method to get porous graphene oxide, and added to electrolyte, so that pores make the electrolyte more filling, increasing current transfer as well, enhancing the efficiency to dye-sensitized solar cells.

致謝 i
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 太陽能電池發展歷史簡介 3
2.2 太陽能電池種類 4
2.2.1 矽基晶片型太陽能電池 5
2.2.2 矽薄膜型太陽能電池 5
2.2.3 化合物太陽能電池 5
2.2.4 有機太陽能電池 6
2.2.5 染料敏化太陽能電池 6
2.3 染料敏化太陽能電池之元件結構 7
2.3.1 透明導電極 7
2.3.2 工作電極 7
2.3.3 散射層 9
2.3.4 光敏化劑 11
2.3.5 電解質 13
2.3.6 對電極 15
2.4 染料敏化太陽能電池工作原理 16
2.5 水熱合成法(HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS METHOD) 18
2.6 氧化石墨烯(GRAPHENE OXIDE) 19
2.7 冷凍真空乾燥法(FREEZE DRYING) 21
第三章 實驗設備與方法 23
3.1 實驗藥品 23
3.2 實驗儀器設備 26
3.2.1 熱壓封裝機(Thermo Compressor) 26
3.2.2 鑽孔機(Driller) 26
3.2.3 高溫爐管(High Temperature Tube Furnace) 26
3.2.4 鐵氟龍水熱釜(Teflon Autoclave) 26
3.2.5 烘箱(Oven) 26
3.2.6 網印版(Screen Printer) 26
3.2.7 超音波震盪機(Ultrasonic Cleaner) 27
3.2.8 磁石加熱攪拌器(Magnetic Stirrer) 27
3.2.9 超純水系統(Ultrapure Water Purification System) 27
3.2.10 冷凍乾燥機(Freeze Dryer) 27
3.3 測量儀器設備 28
3.3.1 太陽能電池I-V測量系統(Solar Cell I-V Measurements) 28
3.3.2 電化學阻抗頻譜(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS) 30
3.3.3 強度調制光電流/光學壓頻譜模組分析(Intensity Modulated Photocurrent Spectroscopy and Intensity Modulated Photovoltage Spectroscopy, IMPS/IMVS) 31
3.3.4 X光繞射分析儀(X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) 32
3.3.5 場發射掃描電子顯微鏡(Field Emission of Scanning Electron Microscope, FE-SEM) 34
3.3.6 三維表面輪廓分析儀(3D-Surface Profiler) 36
3.3.7 紫外可見光光譜儀(UV-Visible Spectrophotometer) 36
3.3.8 拉曼光譜分析儀(Raman Spectrometer) 38
3.3.9 X射線光電子能譜儀(X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS) 39
3.3.10 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer , FT-IR) 40
3.4 實驗流程 41
3.4.1 工作電極漿料製備 41
3.4.2 散射層漿料製備 42
3.4.3 四氯化鈦前處理製備 45
3.4.4 工作電極製備 46
3.4.5 四氯化鈦後處理製備 46
3.4.6 染料製備方式 47
3.4.7 對電極製備方式 47
3.4.8 電解液製備方法 48
3.4.9 封裝元件 50
第四章 結果與討論 51
4.1 散射層分析 51
4.1.1 散射層之XRD晶相分析 51
4.1.2 散射層之FE-SEM表面型態 53
4.1.3 單層工作電極及單層散射層之結果分析 57
4.1.4 不同層數工作電極搭配單層散射層之結果分析 60
4.1.5 五層工作電及搭配單層散射層之結果分析 63
4.1.6 散射層之反射量與散射量分析 65
4.2 電解液分析 69
4.2.1 氧化石墨烯FE-SEM表面型態 69
4.2.2 電解液有無氧化石墨烯結果分析 72
4.2.3 多孔隙氧化石墨烯比例對於電解液影響之結果分析 75
4.3 氧化石墨烯特性分析 79
4.3.1 氧化石墨烯拉曼分析 79
4.3.2 氧化石墨烯XPS分析 81
4.3.3 氧化石墨烯FT-IR分析 84
4.4 染料吸附特性分析 85
4.5 強度調制光電流與光電壓頻譜分析(IMPS/IMVS) 87
4.5.1 散射層對於IMPS/IMVS分析 87
4.5.2 氧化石墨烯添加對於IMPS/IMVS分析 88
4.6 電化學阻抗頻譜分析 89
第五章 結論 93
第六章 參考文獻 95

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