無線區域網路(Wireless Local Area Network， WLAN)系統與個人無線網路(Wireless Personal Area Network， WPAN) 系統應用已面臨重大發展變革。隨著人們對於高品質的影音要求越來越高，新一代的(802.11ad)無線通訊系統必須實現巨量資料與高速傳輸的運用，壓控振盪器對於無線通訊系統而言，是射頻收發器中很重要的部分。負責整個核心系統裡訊號的產生。本篇所提出的兩顆壓控振盪器。分別操作在90GHz 和 60GHz，採用0.18μm TSMC CMOS 製程技術實現 。

第一個電路，是操作於90 GHz壓控振盪器採用nmos 交錯耦合對，為了應用於高頻系統，利用電感並聯電容串聯的方式使感值與容值縮小，這種方式能讓電路的基頻被有效的提升，再者利用推頻式架構，使電路的二次諧波項的輸出功率加強，實現90GHz高頻系統電路的頻帶操作。

第二顆電路，是操作於60 GHz壓控振盪器採用nmos 交錯耦合對以產生負電阻，不像傳統架構使用可變電容調整不同的振盪頻率，本篇所利用的是以電晶體對為基底所組成的倍頻器，不只取代傳統架構，還能使電路輸出二次諧波項，達到倍頻的效果。並且利用虛電阻配合基體偏壓技術降低功率消耗，以及電容回授的技術達到低相位雜訊的目標。

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems and Wireless Personal Area Network (WAPN) systems have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. As modern human require more high-quality audio and video, the new generation of communication system (802.11ad) must achieve the purposes for wireless transmission of high data rate. The desiged voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is very important role in the wireless radio frequency (RF) transceiver. The VCO is responsible for the signal generation in the entire core system. The proposed two VCO is operated at 90GHz and 60GHz with a 0.18μm TSMC CMOS process technology.

First, the 90GHz VCO is adopted cross-coupled n-type transistor pairs, To achieve higher fundamental-frequency, employing inductor in parallel and capacitor in series makes inductance value and capacitance value become smaller. Therefore, the fundamental frequency is effectively promoted in this technique. Moreover, using push-push technology enlarge output power at the second harmonic frequency. The designed VCO for 90GHz high-frequency system is realized.

Moreover, the 60GHz VCO is also adopted cross-coupled n-type transistor pairs to produce negative resistance. Unlike the traditional oscillator using voltage-controlled variable capacitance tunes different oscillation frequency, the designed VCO uses frequency multiplier consisting of transistor-based. Not only the frequency multiplier replays the traditional circuit architecture using variable capacitance, but the oscillation frequency outputs the second harmonic signal. The proposed circuit with pseudo resistance and tail current technology is used to reduce power consumption, and with feedback capacitor is used to decrease phase noise.

誌謝.................................................I
中文摘要............................................ II
Abstract...........................................III
Table of Contents...................................IV
List of Figures.....................................VI
List of Tables......................................IX
Chapter 1 Introduction..............................1
Chapter 2 Overview of Voltage-Controlled Oscillators.5
2.1 Introduction of Voltage-Controlled Oscillators...5
2.1.1 Barkhausen’s Criteri..........................6
2.1.2 Ring Oscillator...............................7
2.1.3 LC-Tank Oscillator............................8
2.1.4 Colpitts Oscillator..........................12
2.1.5 Hartley Oscillator...........................13
2.2 The Important Parameters of Voltage Controlled Oscillator...14
2.3 Quality Factor..................................16
2.4 Phase noise.....................................18
2.4.1 The Definition of Phase Noise................18
2.4.2 Effect of Phase Noise to the Communication System..20
2.4.3 The Phase Noise Analysis-Thermal Noise.......22
2.4.4 The Phase Noise Analysis-Flick Noise.........25
Chapter 3 A 90 GHz Low Power Consumption Low Phase Noise VCO...31
3.1 Process of VCO Design...........................31
3.2 Design of Low Power Low Phase Noise Voltage-controlled Oscillators For 90GHz System Applications...........33
3.2.1 Circuit Architecture..........................33
3.2.2 Push-Push Architecture [21]...................36
3.2.3 Simulation Environment........................38
3.2.4 Choice of Components..........................38
3.2.5 Buffer Circuit................................39
3.3 The Simulation Results of the Proposed VCO......42
3.4 Layout of Design Circuit........................46
3.5 The Measurement Results of the Proposed VCO.....48
3.6 Discussion.....................................51
Chapter 4 Design of Low Phase Noise Low Power Voltage-controlled Oscillators For WiGig System Applications...........53
4.1 Circuit Architecture...........................53
4.1.1 Homemade Inductor & Band-rejection Filter.....55
4.1.2 Frequency Multiplier [14].....................57
4.1.3 Pseudo Resistance Pair & Body-bais...........58
4.1.4 Feedback Capacitance & Tail Current..........61
4.2 Simulation of Environment.......................62
4.3 The Simulation Results of the Proposed VCO......62
4.4 Layout of Design Circuit........................66
4.5 The Measurement Results of the Proposed VCO.....68
4.6 Discussion......................................71
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work............73
5.1 Conclusion......................................73
5.2 Future Work.....................................74

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