海運產業在國際貿易上扮演重要角色，對環境保護亦負有重大責任。「綠色航運」近幾年逐漸受到各國的重視，目前台灣海運企業在環境保護之投入程度上仍有差異。過去環境策略的相關文獻，較多探討單一與多個因素各自對環境策略的影響，較少以組合的方式探討多個因素之構形與環境策略之關聯性，例如：多種資源的組合或多種資源與高階管理團隊特性之組合。本論文基於資源基礎理論與高層理論，探索哪些企業資源及高階管理團隊組成之組合，為影響環境策略積極度之充分條件。

本研究以台灣上市上櫃之海運企業為研究對象，透過兩階段研究，第一階段採用Eisenhardt (1989) 個案研究法，探索可能影響環境策略積極度的重要因素，第二階段根據第一階段找出的重要因素，運用 Ragin (2009) 所提出之模糊集合質化比較分析法，分析何種企業資源與高階管理團隊組成之構形，為影響環境策略積極度之關鍵因素組合。

研究結果顯示四種可能影響環境策略積極度之充分條件構形。分別為：「保守網絡型小資本企業_高素質低衝突管理團隊」、「豐富網絡型小資本企業_環境及創新導向低衝突之管理團隊」、「豐富網絡型大資本企業_環境導向及思考多元管理團隊」、「豐富網絡型大資本企業_員工與管理團隊具環境前瞻導向」。針對小資本海運企業，本研究建議同質的高階管理團隊有助於提升環境策略積極度，針對大資本具豐富網絡資源之海運企業，本研究建議網絡需要較豐富，且異質的高階管理團隊有助於提升環境策略積極度。

The Maritime industry plays an important role on international trade and environmental protection. In recent years, countries around the world have gradually pay attention to ‘green shipping’. However, marine enterprises in Taiwan have devoted different amount of effort on environmental protection. Up to date, most of the research on environmental strategies has focused on investigating the idiosyncratic effect of distinctive factors on environmental strategies. Limited research has explored how the combinations of multiple factors, such as configurations of various resources and top management team characteristics, influence environmental strategies. Based on resource-based theory and upper echelons theory, this study seeks to explore configurations of firm resources and top management team composition for proactiveness of environmental strategy.

The case firms of this study are TSE-listed or OTC-listed marine enterprises in Taiwan. This study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the qualitative case study method proposed by Eisenhardt’s (1989) was adopted to explore critical resource-based factors that may potentially affect firms’ environmental strategy proactiveness. In the second stage, Ragin’s (2009) fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis was adopted to explore equifinal configurations of the critical factors identified in the first stage that sufficiently explain proactiveness of environmental strategy.

The result of this study suggest four sufficient configurations that lead to higher proactiveness of environmental strategy. The four configurations were named as: 1. small enterprises with limited capital resources and conservative networks, under the leadership of a highly-educated management team that has low incidence of team conflicts, 2. small enterprises with limited capital resources and abundant network resources, under the leadership of an environment- and innovation-oriented management team that has low incidence of team conflicts, 3. large enterprises with abundant capital and network resources, under the leadership of a diversified and environment-oriented management team, and 4. large enterprises with abundant capital and network resources as well as highly educated employees, under the leadership of an environment-oriented management team. This study suggests that for small enterprises with limited capital resources, homogeneous management teams would contribute to environmental strategy proactiveness. For large enterprises with abundant capital and network resources, this study suggests that diversified management team would contribute to environmental strategy proactiveness.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 7
第三節 研究流程 8
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 環境策略 11
第二節 資源與環境策略 19
第三節 研究架構 26
第三章 研究方法 27
第一節 研究設計與研究對象 27
第二節 資料蒐集方法 44
第三節 變數定義與衡量 46
第四節 資料分析方法 59
第四章 研究結果 61
第一節 個案研究發現 61
第二節 fsQCA研究結果 67
第五章 研究結論與討論 77
第一節 研究結論 77
第二節 研究貢獻 83
第三節 研究限制與建議 85
參考文獻 87
附錄 97

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三、網路資料
台灣證券交易所，公開資訊觀測站，上網日期：2017年9月15日，檢自http://mops.twse.com.tw/mops/web/t146sb05。

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Money DJ理財網，上網日期：2017年12月7日，檢自https://www.moneydj.com/。
交通部航港局，上網日期：2017年10月14日，檢自http://data.motcmpb.gov.tw/。