本研究主要探討雙薪夫妻一方之工作敬業與另一方工作結果之影響關係，並提出工作家庭增益、工作家庭衝突與正、負向情感為可能的中介影響變數。採問卷調查的方式，對象針對具有正職工作且有配偶並同居者進行調查，有效填答回收共115對伴侶，共230名受試者。研究結果發現：1.妻子的工作家庭增益對丈夫負向情感呈負向關聯；2.丈夫和妻子的負向情感分別與自身的工作滿意及職涯成功呈負向關聯；3.妻子的工作家庭衝突對丈夫正向情感呈負相關；4.丈夫和妻子的正向情感又分別與自身的工作滿意及職涯成功呈正相關；5.妻子的工作家庭增益會透過丈夫負向情感的中介效果進而影響丈夫之工作滿意、職涯成功；6.妻子的工作家庭衝突會透過丈夫正向情感的中介效果進而影響丈夫的工作滿意、職涯成功。最後本研究提出討論、實務意涵與研究建議。

This study mainly examines the relationship of work results between husbands and wives in dual-income married couples and presents work-family enrichment and conflict as well as positive and negative affect as potential mediator variables. For this study, a survey was conducted on married couples in which both husbands and wives had full-time jobs and lived together. Effective responses were obtained from 115 couples, i.e. in total 230 participants. This study finds that (1) there is a negative correlation between work-family enrichment in wives and negative affect in husbands; (2) there is a negative correlation between negative affect in husbands and wives and their respective job satisfaction and career success; (3) there is a negative correlation between work-family conflicts in wives and positive affect in husbands; (4) there is a positive correlation between positive affect in husbands and wives and their respective job satisfaction and career success; (5) work-family enrichment in wives influences job satisfaction and career success in their husbands via the mediation of negative affect in the latter; and (6) work-family conflicts in wives influence job satisfaction and career success in their husbands via the mediation of positive affect in the latter. Finally, discussions, practical implications and suggestions are presented.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 工作敬業 5
第二節 工作─家庭增益 7
第三節 工作─家庭衝突 10
第四節 正負向情感 13
第五節 工作滿意及職涯成功 16
第三章 研究方法 21
第一節 研究架構 21
第二節 研究假設 22
第三節 研究對象 25
第四節 研究變項與衡量 28
第五節 控制變數 34
第六節 資料分析方法 35
第四章 研究結果 37
第一節 區別分析 37
第二節 各研究變項之相關分析 40
第三節 多元迴歸分析 43
第五章 結論與建議 55
第一節 研究結論與討論 55
第二節 理論意涵 57
第三節 實務意涵 60
第四節 研究限制與建議 61
參考文獻 63
附錄一 Time 1 問卷 75
附錄二 Time 2 問卷 83

張春興，2002，教育心理學（修訂版）。台北市：東華。
張婷婷、陸 洛、潘君鳳，2012，工作與家庭的雙向增益：前因、後果及互依我的調節作用，中華心理學刊，54卷，471-493。
陸 洛，2013，職家平衡在台灣：一個發展中國家的現況，應用心理研究，59卷，49-79。
張妤玥、陸 洛，2015，主管支持、工作對家庭增益，及情感耗竭之關聯：夫妻之行動者─伴侶互依模式，本土心理學研究，44卷，73-116。
張婷婷與陸洛，2009，資源損失與資源獲得對職家衝突之影響：資源保存理論的觀點，臺大管理論叢，20卷1期：69-98。
陳以亨，2001，從人力資源管理探討工作中衝突和家庭衝突與工作滿意度，國科會研究報告。
張妤玥、陸 洛，2011，工作家庭雙介面之要求、資源與職家衝突關 連之性別差異，商略學報，3卷，25-38。
彭台光、高月慈與林鉦棽，2006，管理研究中的共同方法變異︰問題本質、影響、測試與補救，管理學報，23 卷 1 期，77-98。

Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., and Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5 (2), 278-308.
Bakker, A. B., Westman, M., & van Emmerik, I. J. H. (2009). Advancements in crossover theory. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 206−219.
Bakker, A.B. and Schaufeli, W.B. (2008), Positive organizational behavior: engaged employees in flourishing organizations, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 147-54.
Bakker, A.B. and Schaufeli, W.B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: engaged employees in flourishing organizations, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 147－54.
Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. (2005). The crossover of burnout and work engagement among working couples. Human Relations, 58, 661－689.
Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. (2005). The crossover of burnout and work engagement among working couples. Human Relations, 58, 661-689.
Barnett, R. C. (1998). Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 124(2), 125–182.
Barnett, R. C. (1998). Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature. Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs, 124, 125–182.
Buckingham, M., & Coffman, C. (1999). First, break all the rules. New York: Simon and Shuster.
Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., & Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI., unpublished manuscript.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidemensional measure of work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 249–276.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., and Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56 (2), 249-276.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work-family interface: Development and validation of a work-family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(1), 131-164.
Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997). What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23, 239-290.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Diener E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., and Smith, H. L. (1999). Subject well-being :Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Drobnic, S., H. P. Blossfeld, and G. Rohwer (1999) Dynamics of women's employment patterns over the family life course: A comparison of the United Statesand Germany, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 133-146.
Eby, L. Casper, W., Lockwood, A., Bordeaux, C & Brinley, A. (2005). Work and family research in IO/ OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980-2002). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 124-197.
Fisher, C. 2000. Mood and emotions while working: missing pieces of job satisfaction, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 185-202.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of workfamily conflict: Testing a model of the work－family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65–78.
Gattiker, U. E., & Larwood, L. (1987). Career success, mobility and extrinsic career satisfaction: Studying corporate managers. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Chicago, 82, 1-40.
Goode, W. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25, 483-496.
Goode, W. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25, 483-496.
Graves, L. M., Ohlott, P. J., & Ruderman, M. N. (2007). Commitment to family roles: Effects on managers' attitudes and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 44-56.
Greenhaus, J. H. & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76–88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Parasuraman, S. (1999). Research on work, family, and gender: Current status and future direction. In G. N. Powel (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work . Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 391–412.
Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormely, W. M.(1990), Effects of Race on Organizational Experiences, Job Performance Eevaluations, and Career Outcomes, Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 64-86.
Greenhaus, J.H. and Powell, G.N. (2006), When work and family are allies: a theory of work-family enrichment, Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 111–126.
Gutek, B. A., Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560–568.
Hall, D. T. (1986). An Overview of Career Development Theory and Practice. Development Quarterly, 42, 28-37.
Herzberg, F.I. (1987), One more time: How do you motivate employees?, Harvard Business Review, 65(5), 109-120.
Hoppock R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York: Harper and Brothers. Reprint. New York: Amo Press.
Jesse S. Michel, Jacqueline K. Mitchelson , Lindsey M. Kotrba, James M. LeBreton, Boris B. Baltes(2009). A comparative test of work-family conflict models and critical examination of work-family linkages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 199-218.
Judge,T.A.and Bretz, R. D. (1994). Political Influence Behavior and Career Success. Journal of Management, 20(1), 43-65.
Kahn, R. L, & Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough , Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 3(2), 571-650.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). An exercise of authority. Organizational Behavior Teaching Review, 14, 28－42.
Kahn, W. A., (1992). To be fully there: Psychological presence at work. Human Relations, 45(4), 321–349.
Kahn, William A. (1990), Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Kalmijn, M. and Luijkx, R. (2006). Changes in women’s employment and occupational mobility in the Netherlands: 1995–2000. In Blossfeld, H.-P. and Hofmeister, H. (Eds) Globalization, Uncertainty and Women’s Careers. An International Comparison. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 84–112.
Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Work Alienation, Praeger, New York.
Kanungo, R.N. (1982a). Measurement of Job and WorkInvolvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67 (3), 341－49.
Kaplan, S., Bradley, J. C., Luchman, J. N., & Haynes, D. (2009). On the role of positive and negative aff ectivity in job performance: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, in press.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Psychological predispositions and network structure The relationship between individual predispositions, structural holes and network closure. Social Networks, 28, 56–84.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, and G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology, 233-265. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Leslie B.Hammer, ElizabethAllen, Tenora D.Grigsby(1997). Work–Family Conflict in Dual-Earner Couples: Within-Individual and Crossover Effects of Work and Family. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(2), 185-203.
Little, T. D., Lindenberger, U., & Nesselroade, J. R. (1999). On selecting indicators for multivariate measurement and modeling with latent variables: When “good” indicators are bad and “bad” indicators are good. Psychological Methods, 4, 192–211.
London M. and Stumpf, S.A. (1982). Managing careers. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99-128.
Magee, C. A., Stefanic, N., Caputi, P., & Iverson, C. D. (2012), The association between job demands/ control and health in employed parents: The mediating role of work-to-family interference and enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17, 196-205
Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time, and commitment. American Sociological Review, 42, 921–936.
Martin LL, Ward DW, Achee JW, Wyer RS(1993). Mood as input: People have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(3), 17–326.
Matthews RA, Bulger CA, Barnes-Farrell JL(2010). Work social supports, role stressors, and work–family conflict: The moderating effect of age. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, 78–90.
Mauno, S., Kiuru, N., and Kinnunen, U. (2011). Relationships between work-family culture and work attitudes at both the individual and the departmental level. Work and Stress, 25 (2), 147-166.
McColl-Keenedy, J., & Anderson, R. (2002). Impact of leadership style and emotions on subordinate performance, The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 545-559.
Nunnally, J.C., (1978). Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill. Osuna, E. E., (1985), “The Psychological Cost of Waiting,” Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 29, 82-105.
Plutchik R (1984). Emotions: A general psychoevolutionary theory. In: Scerer KC, Ekman P, editors. Approaches to Emotion. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 197–219.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., and Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (5), 879-903.
Rafaeli, A., & R. I. Sutton. (1989). The expression of emotion in organizational life, in L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 11, 1-42.
Robbins, S. P., (1993). Organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Rosalind Chait Barnett and Janet Shibley Hyde. (2001). Women, men, work, and family. An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 56, 781–796.
Rothbard（2001）Saks, A.M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(6), 600-619.
Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 655–684.
Rotondo, D.M., Carlson, D.S. and Kincaid, J.F. (2003), Coping with multiple-dimensions of work-family conflict, Personnel Review, 32(3), 275-96.
Ruderman, M. N., Ohlott, P. J., Panzer, K., & King, S. N. (2002). Benefits of multiple roles for managerial women. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 369–386.
Sackett, P. R. and Larson, J. R. (1990). Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology. In Dunnette, M. D. and Hough, L. M. (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology: 419-489. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez－Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002).The measurement of Engagement and burnout and: A two sample confirmatory analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmative analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.
Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez－Roma. V. & Bakker, A.B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout and: A confirmative analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71－92.
Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M.,González－Romá, V. y Bakker, A.(2002). The measurement of burnout and engagement: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71－92.
Seibert SE, Kraimer ML. (2001). The Five-Factor Model of personality and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 1–21
Smith JA, Birke L & Sadler D (1997). Reporting animal use in scientific papers. Laboratory Animals, 31, 312-317.
T. G. Vijaya, R. Hemamalini (2012), Work life balance of employees: a study on selected public and private sector undertakings, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
Ten Brummelhuis, L. L., Bakker, A. B., and Euwema, M. C. (2010). Is family-to work interference related to co-workers’ work outcomes? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77 (3), 461-469.
Vroom, V. H.(1962). Ego-involvement, job satisfaction and job performance, Personnel Psychology, 15(2), 159-177.
Watson D, Clark L A. (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Watson D, Tellegen A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychol Bull, 98, 219–35.
Wayne, J. H., Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., & Kacmar, K. M. (2007). Work-family facilitation: A theoretical explanation and model of primary antecedents and consequences. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 63–76.
Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work–family experience: Relationships of the big five to work–family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64, 108–130
Weiss HM. (2002). Antecedents of emotional experiences at work. Motivation and Emotion, 26, 1–2.
Westman, M. (2001). Stress and strain crossover. Human Relations, 54(6), 557－591
Yogev, S., and Brett, J. 1985. Patterns of work and family involvement among single-and dual-earner couples. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70 (4), 754-786.