企業經營中常會涉及到延遲支付的行為，對上游賣方來說，允許下游買方延遲付款，可以影響買方的存貨決定，同時，允許延遲付款也是增加雙方信任度與合作關係的一個方法。

但是，隨著商業環境的競爭，企業之間意識到互相合作和供應鏈整合是有效增加競爭力的方式，然而整合不必然使供應鏈成員都受益，所以需要一套有效的機制來讓供應鏈成員能接受整合，例如VMI中賣方透過分攤買方成本的方式就是一套有效的整合方法。

本研究是探討一個整合方案來協調供應鏈中的單一賣方與單一買方，其中賣方允許買方延遲付款。本研究的供應鏈是一個傳統的供應鏈(參照Goyal 1977)，並基於Goyal(1985)的延遲付款觀念來發展模型。本研究提供的整合方案是供應商管理庫存(VMI)機制；本研究在VMI是參考Dong與Xu(2002)和Yao等(2007)中，賣方使用VMI與買方做供應鏈整合的方法。本研究出於比較目的，分析了當買方被允許延遲付款時，在供應鏈整合前與使用VMI整合後，賣方與買方的各自最佳訂購策略。

本研究使用數據實驗，探討在延遲付款下，賣方與買方在整合前與VMI整合後的成本重新分配狀況。本研究的結果顯示，對買方而言，最好的策略是在有延遲付款的情況下去接受賣方的VMI整合；然而，對賣方來說，最好的策略則是在提供任何允許延遲付款條件給買方之前，就向買方提出VMI整合。

Business activities often involve delayed payment behavior. For an upstream vendor in a supply chain, allowing delay payment for a downstream buyer can affect the buyer’s inventory decision. In addition, allowing delays in payment is also a way to increase the trust and cooperation between the parties along supply chains.

But, with the increasing competition in business environment, companies realize that mutual cooperation and supply chain integration are effective ways to increase competitiveness. However, integration does not necessarily benefit all supply chain members. Therefore, certain effective mechanisms are needed to allow supply chain members to accept integration. VMI, for example, is a way that allows a vendor to allocate buyers’ costs toward supply chain integration.

This research studies an integration scheme to coordinate a single vendor and a single buyer in a supply chain in which the vendor allows buyer’s delay in payment. The supply chain under study is a traditional one (as refer to Goyal 1977) with delay payment based on Goyal (1985). The integration scheme provided by this research is Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) mechanism; VMI can be referred to Dong & Xu (2002), and Yao et al., (2007) in which the vendor uses the VMI to integrate supply chain with the buyer. Given permissible delay in payment, the optimal order policies for the vendor-buyer supply chain before and after VMI integration are analyzed for the comparison purpose.

Numerical experiments are developed to study the cost relocation before and after the VMI integration of the vendor-buyer supply chain under permissible delay in payment. The results of this study shows that it is better for the buyer to accept the VMI integration under permissible delayed payments, however, for vendor, it is better to propose VMI integration before offering any permissible delay in payment to the buyer.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目標 2
1.3 研究結構 3
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1 存貨定義與存貨成本 7
2.2 整合性存貨相關文獻 9
2.3 延遲付款下的存貨相關文獻 12
2.4 供應商管理庫存的相關文獻 15
2.5 參考文獻與本研究的比較 17
第三章 模式建構與分析 19
3.1 問題描述與研究假設 19
3.2 模式定義與符號定義 22
3.2.1 模式定義 22
3.2.2 符號定義 25
3.3 兩階供應鏈模式建構 29
3.3.1 模式一：無延遲付款的傳統供應鏈 29
3.3.2 模式二：延遲付款下的傳統供應鏈 33
3.3.2.1 情況一：零售商訂購週期大於延遲付款期限 35
3.3.2.2 情況二：零售商訂購週期小於延遲付款期限 40
3.4 供應商使用VMI分攤零售商成本機制的整合模式 47
3.4.1 模式三：從無延遲付款的傳統供應鏈(模式一)做整合模式 48
3.4.2 模式四：從有延遲付款下的傳統供應鏈(模式二)做整合模式 51
3.5 決策模式分析與求解驟 55
3.5.1 模式一的求解步驟 55
3.5.2 模式二的求解步驟 57
3.5.3 模式三的求解步驟 62
3.5.4 模式四的求解步驟 67
3.6 小結 70
第四章 數值案例設計與分析 71
4.1 參數設定 71
4.2 數值案例分析 72
4.3 本研究結果的成本重新分配情形 76
4.4 測試零售商持有成本的參數值變化 80
4.5 敏感度分析 85
4.6 測試雙方成本比值對零售商訂購量的影響 91
第五章 結論 93
5.1 結論 93
5.2 未來建議 94
參考文獻 95

圖目錄
圖1-1 研究架構圖 5
圖3-1 本研究的模式框架圖 28
圖3-2 傳統供應鏈雙方存貨水準示意圖 30
圖3-3 訂購週期大於延遲付款期限時，零售商的存貨水準圖 33
圖3-4 訂購週期小於延遲付款期限時，零售商的存貨水準圖 34
圖3-5 當 T_B>t 時，雙方存貨水準示意圖 37
圖3-6 當 t>T_B 時，雙方存貨水準示意圖 43

表目錄
表2-1 整合性存貨的相關文獻彙整表 11
表2-2 延遲付款下的相關存貨文獻彙整表 14
表2-3 相關參考文獻與本研究的比較表 17
表2-4 本研究與主要參考文獻的異同之處 18
表4-1 範例參數設定表 71
表4-2-1 範例參數表的結果 73
表4-2-2 範例參數表的結果 74
表4-3-1 本研究與Goyal(1977)的結果比較 76
表4-3-2 本研究與Goyal(1977)的結果比較 78
表4-4-1 零售商持有成本的參數值變化 80
表4-4-2 零售商持有成本的參數值變化 81
表4-4-3 當h_1:h_2 =2:1時，供應商訂購量的變化 82
表4-4-4 當h_1:h_2 =1:1時，供應商訂購量的變化 82
表4-4-5 當h_1:h_2 =1:2時，供應商訂購量的變化 83
表4-6-1 零售商持有成本的敏感度分析 85
表4-6-2 零售商持有成本的敏感度分析 85
表4-7-1 供應商持有成本的敏感度分析 86
表4-7-2 供應商持有成本的敏感度分析 87
表4-8-1 零售商訂購成本的敏感度分析 88
表4-8-2 零售商訂購成本的敏感度分析 88
表4-9-1 供應商訂購成本的敏感度分析 89
表4-9-2 供應商訂購成本的敏感度分析 89
表4-10-1 年需求的敏感度分析 90
表4-10-2 年需求的敏感度分析 90
表4-11-1 當c=10 時，調整零售商持有成本的情況 91
表4-11-2 當c=25 時，調整零售商持有成本的情況 91
表4-11-3 當c=50 時，調整零售商持有成本的情況 92
表4-11-4 當c=100 時，調整零售商持有成本的情況 92

中文文獻
郭崑謨(1977)，「存貨管理學」，台北華泰書局。
吳振麟(2003)，「物料管理（初版）」，台北高立圖書。
黃惠民、楊伯中(2008)，「供應鏈存貨設計與管理」，台中滄海書局。

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