大農大富平地森林園區（簡稱：平森）在過去曾是在地阿美族人的獵場，日治時期大量種植甘蔗後，開啟了長達80年糖業榮景，直到2002年林務局向台糖租地造林，轉型為平地森林園區至今；平森位於花東縱谷較狹窄的地區，對於西側中央山脈與東側海岸山脈間的野生動物流動可能扮演重要的角色，然而受到過去地景上巨幅的改變，可想對森林性與邊緣性的野生動物影響也是劇甚。
本研究利用自動相機於2016年8月至2017年8月，收集較大型哺乳類動物的分布模式與豐富度資訊。全區總共劃分成30個樣區，蒐集約12萬小時的資料，記錄了7種較大型的野生哺乳類，以及家犬和家貓。本研究挑出樣本數超過30張有效照片的物種，透過複迴歸法分析其對棲地環境的選擇性，也初步探討了園區除草作業對動物所可能造成的干擾。結果顯示，平森較大型哺乳類的物種豐度明顯的是以東側連接海岸山脈的區域為高，而且中段的幾條溪流橫向廊道也有較高的現象。目前，平森對於野兔(Lepus sinensis formosanus) 、山羌(Muntiacus reevesi micrurus)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata subaurantiaca)、白鼻心(Paguma larvata taivana )等4種具有顯著的棲地(habitat) 和通道(conduit)的功能，並有產生源頭(source)功能的潛力；對於野豬(Sus scrofa taivanus)、麝香貓(Viverricula indica pallida)和食蟹獴(Herpestes urva) 則可能有沉降(sink)的效應。本研究棲地分析結果發現當地的地被植物側方穿越度是唯一會影響部分動物分佈的環境因子，而除草作業也顯示對鼬獾和山羌的活動會有一定程度的衝擊，其對不同物種的影響有待進一步的了解。
本研究顯示，海岸山脈應該是平森目前最重要的物種來源地，除了之間的自然環境連續性較佳外，平森西側存在大面積、連續的農村聚落與人為干擾源也是由中央山脈不易有動物遷入的關鍵之一；因此，目前平森由東往西的動物流量，很可能遠較由西向東的方向多。同時，濱溪環境應該是部分物種重要的移動廊道，建議要更深入的了解牠們沿溪的流動現象與移動行為，以有助於兩個山脈間連結性議題的探討，並可避免大量引進會造成農業危害的物種。由於平森園區在未來經營管理的方向可能傾向更強化兩側山脈動物交流的角色，然而若僅強化東往西的單向流動，對野生動物資源原本就較少的海岸山脈，所可能造成的負面影響，需要重視。

Danongdafu Forest Park (DFP) was the hunting ground for the Amis Ethnic Group. It was turned into the field for sugar cane production in 1920 and was afforestated in 2002 as part of the government's policy to restore flatland forest. DFP is located in the narrowest section of the East Rift Valley. It may play an important role in wildlife movement between the the Central Mountain Range on the westside and the Coast Mountain Range on the east. Those dramatic landscape changes in the past must also affected the existence of forest-dependent or edge species.
The present study used camera traps to collect distribution patterns and abundance information of larger mammals in DFP from August 2016 to August 2017. The DFP was divided into 30 even-sized grids. We collected approximately 120,000 hours of data and recorded 7 larger mammalian species, as well as feral dogs and feral cats. Species with more than 30 valid photos were selected to analyze their habitat preference using regression analysis. The possible disturbance of mowing to various species were also been evaluated.
Results showed that the species richness is significantly higher on the eastern and southeastern parts of the DFP where adjacent to the Coastal Mountain Range, and a east-to-west corridor might exist along several streams cross the middle of the DFP. At present, DFP apparently has significant habitat and conduit functions for wild hare (Lepus sinensis formosanus), muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi micrurus), ferret-badger (Melogale moschata subaurantiaca), gem-faced civet (Paguma larvata taivana ), DFP might also be the source habitat for these species. However, for the wild boar (Sus scrofa taivanus), small Chinese civet (Viverricula indica pallida) and the crab-eating mongoose (Herpestes urva), DFP might be a sink landscape. The results of habitat analysis showed that horizontal penetration was the only environmental factor that affecting the distribution of some species, and mowing operation also showed some impact on the activities of ferret badger, muntjac and feral cat. The influence of mowing on different species need further study.
The Coastal Mountain Range was the sources of various species to the DFP due most likely the better continuity of the natural environment between these 2 area. The large-scale rural settlements and intensive man-made disturbances on the westside of DFP might prevent animal movements from the Central Mountain Range. The present flow of animals from east to west is likely to be far more than that from west to east. Additionally, stream corridors should be important channels for animals’ movement. It is suggested that more in-depth understanding of animal’s behavior along the stream corridors will facilitate the further linkages between the two mountain ranges and avoid to introduce nuisance species to agriculture.
The DFP might act to facilitate connectivity between the two mountain ranges for forest-dwelling species (such as ferret badger, gem-faced civet, muntjac, etc.). However, the possible impact of the predominant westward traffic of animal movement at present to the larger mammal population on the Coastal Mountain Range should be taken into consideration when strengthen the conduit function of the DFP in the future.

謝誌 i
摘要 iii
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
1. 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.1 哺乳類野生動物基礎資料的建立 1
1.1.2 造林後野生動物多樣性的恢復 1
1.1.3 大農大富平地森林園區 2
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
2. 文獻回顧 5
2.1 大農大富平地森林園區的較大型哺乳動物研究 5
2.2 花東縱谷兩側山脈的較大型哺乳動物 6
2.2.1 中央山脈較大型哺乳動物 6
2.2.2 海岸山脈較大型哺乳動物 6
2.3 地景元素的棲地功能 7
2.4 環境干擾與野生動物的棲地選擇 8
2.5 自動相機於野生動物調查的應用 9
3. 材料與方法 11
3.1 研究樣區 11
3.2 調查方法 11
3.2.1 樣區劃設 11
3.2.2 自動相機架設與動物痕跡調查 12
3.2.3 環境因子測量 12
3.3 資料分析 13
3.3.1 物種辨識 13
3.3.2 有效照片定義 13
3.3.3 統計方法 14
4. 結果 15
4.1 自動相機相片統計與物種辨識 15
4.2 棲地利用迴歸分析 15
4.2.1 主要的環境影響因子 15
4.2.2 迴歸分析 15
4.3 物種空間分布模式與相對豐富度 16
4.4 園區除草作業干擾與動物出現頻度變化 16
5. 討論 19
5.1 物種現況 19
5.2 棲地利用選擇 19
5.3 棲地功能探討 20
5.4 園區除草作業對動物的影響 22
5.5 大農大富平地森林園區成為廊道後的潛在發展 22
6. 引用文獻 25
7. 附錄 61

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