以基模理論來閱讀威廉・莎士比亞的《亨利四世（第一部）》及《亨利四世（第二部）》，目的在於分析「英雄」這個概念如何在讀者與文本的互動過程中被重新建構。劇中的主角亨利王子被許多評論家形容為「英雄」，但其所呈現的諸多面向卻與傳統定義上的英雄特質有所牴觸；此論文將透過基模理論解析此角色如何顛覆固有的英雄定義進而成為一名「非典型英雄」，並辯證其作為一名英雄的正當性。「基模」在形塑人類對事物的認知以及學習、建立既定知識時所扮演的關鍵角色，所以將基模連結到讀者對於文學作品的理解，可以看出讀者對於特定事物的基模會透過與文本的言談（discourse）產生改變。利用六種類型的「基模管理」（schema management）—知識重建（knowledge restructuring）、基模保存（schema preservation）、基模強化（schema reinforcement）、基模擴增（schema accretion）、基模瓦解（schema disruption）以及基模刷新（schema refreshment），可以逐步釐清劇本中英雄基模的變更。透過英雄基模的建構與解構，亨利王子形塑出非典型的英雄特質。從亨利王子的表現來看，莎士比亞確實雕琢出一個極其複雜的角色，讀者也藉著在與文本協商的過程中，達成對於「英雄」的重新定義。

A schematic approach to William Shakespeare’s 1 Henry IV and 2 Henry IV helps to investigate how the notion of “hero” is reconstructed during the interaction between readers and texts. The protagonist Prince Henry has been characterized as a “hero” by various critics; however, his many traits represented in the plays collide with the conventional definition of a hero. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how Prince Henry subverts the intrinsic definition of a hero and becomes an “unconventional hero,” and then justify his legitimacy of being a hero. Schemata play an important role in the process of building human’s cognition and establishing certain knowledge. Readers’ understanding of literary texts is achieved by readers’ fixed schemata that are modified through the textual discourse. Six types of schema management—knowledge restructuring, schema preservation, schema reinforcement, schema accretion, schema disruption, and schema refreshment—accomplish the hero schema in the play. Through the construction and the destruction of the hero schema, the hero image of Prince Henry is apparently unconventional. With the performance of Prince Henry, Shakespeare constitutes an intriguing character. Readers are enabled to achieve a redefinition of a hero during the negotiation with the literary texts.

Introduction: A Hero in a Literary Text 1
Chapter One: From Schema Theory to a Study of Shakespeare’s Plays 4
1.1 The first notion of schema 5
1.2 Modern schema theory 5
1.3 Schema in literature 6
Chapter Two: The Construction of the Hero Schema in Henry IV 12
2.1 Knowledge restructuring 13
2.2 Schema preservation 14
2.3 Schema reinforcement 16
Chapter Three: The Deconstruction of the Hero Schema in Henry IV 19
3.1 Schema accretion 19
3.2 Schema disruption 24
3.3 Schema refreshment 27
Conclusion: The Application of Schema Theory to Shakespeare’s Works 34
Works Cited 36

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