本研究以布里茲曼長晶法 (Vertical Bridgman Method) 製備 (Bi，Pb) Te 系列晶體。使用X-ray繞射(XRD)、光學顯微鏡(OM)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)來分析其成份組成以及晶體。熱電性質量測包含電阻率、Seebeck係數和熱傳導率隨溫度變化，量測溫度範圍在60～300 K，並計算其熱電優值ZT。
(Bi2Te3)2/(PbTe)1、(Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)1、 (Bi2Te3)4/(PbTe)1，各個成份除了(Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)2以外晶體都沒有明顯晶界的形成，而成長的樣品都由於Pb在中段、下段較足夠所以生成較完整。由EDS可以觀察出各上、中、下段三個段落的成份都有明顯落差，但在表面均勻分布。
(Bi2Te3)2/(PbTe)1、(Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)1、(Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)2、(Bi2Te3)4/(PbTe)1等晶體的電阻率隨溫度上升而上升，成現金屬特性，Seebeck係數由(Bi2Te3)4/(PbTe)1表現最好，但因熱導率太高，和較高的電阻率，使292K時擁有最高的熱電優值ZT=0.024。

In this study, (Bi, Pb) Te series of crystals were synthesized using vertical Bridgman method. The results of composition and growth of crystal were examined by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The thermoelectric properties for the crystals were study by means of thermal and electrical transport measurement in the temperature range between 60 K to 300 K. The temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties of (Bi2Te3)2/(PbTe)1, (Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)1, (Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)2, (Bi2Te3)4/(PbTe)1 crystals were discussed.
(Bi2Te3)2/(PbTe)1, (Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)1, (Bi2Te3)4/(PbTe)1 in each samples showing no obvious grain boundaries except for (Bi2Te3)3/(PbTe)2. In the samples of middle and bottom samples have sufficient amount of Lead result in better crystal structure. By using EDS, observed that in each sample top, middle and bottom segments have different compositions, but distributed homogeneously.
The resistivity for all samples increase with raising temperature, showing metallic properties. In all samples, although (Bi2Te3)4/(PbTe)1 have high thermal transportation and high resistivity reduces thermal properties, but with the highest Seebeck coefficient still achieved the maximum of ZT = 0.024 at 292K.

目錄 I
圖目錄 III
表目錄 V
第一章 前言 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2研究動機 4
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 7
2.1 材料基本特性 7
2.1.1 PbTe基本特性 7
2.1.2 Bi2Te3基本特性 8
2.1.3 PbTe-Bi2Te3材料特性及偽二元相圖 9
2.2 熱電理論 12
2-2-1 Seebeck效應 12
2.2.2 Peltier 效應 13
2.2.3 Thomson 效應 14
2.3 熱電材料物理性質 15
2.3.1 電阻率 15
2.3.2 Seebeck 係數 16
2.3.3 熱傳導現象 17
2.3.3.1 電子對熱傳導的影響 18
2.3.3.2 聲子對熱傳導的影響 19
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 23
3.1 實驗方法 23
3.2.1 石英管之前處理 25
3.2.2 元素秤重及封管 26
3.2.3 高溫搖擺及直接淬火(Direct Quench) 29
3.2.4 垂直式布里茲曼長晶法(Vertical Bridgman Method) 29
3.3 樣品製備及量測 31
3.3.1 電阻率樣品製作及量測 31
3.3.2 熱傳導率和Seebeck係數樣品製作及量測 33
3.4 顯微結構與成分分析 34
3.4.1 XRD (X-ray diffractometer) 34
3.4.2 場發射型掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM) 35
3.4.3 熱電量測系統及控制程式 35
第四章 實驗結果與討論 39
4.1 顯微結構與成分分析 40
4.1.1 光學顯微鏡分析 40
4.1.2 XRD分析 54
4.1.3 FE-SEM分析 59
4.2 熱電性質量測分析 85
4.2.1 電阻率 85
4.2.2 Seebeck係數 87
4.2.3 熱傳導率 89
4.2.4 ZT值 92
第五章 結論 95
文獻參考 99

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