梅氏荷包魚(Chaetodontoplus meredithi)為分布於西太平洋澳洲東岸的魚類，對於此魚種的研究僅限於生態地理位置的相關紀錄，有關其完整的產卵及初期發育資訊仍所知有限。本研究主要觀察梅氏荷包魚(Chaetodontoplus meredithi)的自然產卵及透過光學顯微鏡、解剖顯微鏡和掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察胚胎及仔稚魚之初期發育及微細構造。本研究也進行了溫度(21、 27 及 33°C)和鹽度(29、 33 及 37 psu)雙因子對孵化率和畸形率的交互影響實驗。本研究的親魚(雌:雄 1:1)在2018年5月至2019年9月間自然產卵，水溫為 27-29 °C，鹽度為 33-34 psu 環境下，實際產卵天數為161天，雌魚平均產卵量為 2920 ± 334 粒卵( mean ± SE )，每克魚卵約有3179 ± 132粒卵，受精率為 0 %-100 % (平均 87.6 ± 1.1 % )，孵化率為77%-100% (平均 92.4 ± 1.1 %)。受精卵為球形透明之浮性卵，卵徑為0.850 ± 0.002 mm，油球徑為0.196 ± 0.001 mm，在水溫26.0 ± 0.1 °C下，孵化時間為15小時6分鐘。剛孵化仔魚之體全長為2.93 ± 0.01 mm，黑色素胞平均分布於肌節上；仔魚於孵化後 ( days post hatching, DPH) 第三天體全長為2.98 ± 0.08 mm，仔魚眼睛、口部及肛門已形成(平均口徑為329 ± 5 μm)；14 DPH時，體表被黑色素胞完全覆蓋且脊索末端開始上屈；至48 DPH時，已進入稚魚期 ( juvenile stage )，鰭條數已達到定數(背鰭 XIII, 17-19；臀鰭 III, 17-19 )。在電子顯微鏡的觀察下，可以發現受精卵表面壁孔均勻分布並大小一致，密度約為61/100 μm2，卵門則呈現圓柱狀，孔徑為7.1 μm；神經丘在仔魚剛孵化時出現，並隨著仔魚發育持續增加；6 DPH時，觀察到仔魚牙齒的發育；16 DPH時，可以發現體表硬棘分布全身。在溫鹽交互作用實驗中，最佳的孵化組別溫度及鹽度為溫度27°C × 鹽度33 psu的處理組，其孵化率顯著高於大部分的組別(P < 0.05)，畸形率也顯著低於其他組別( P < 0.05)。本研究不只提供梅氏荷包魚人工繁殖的重要資訊，也能減緩現今濫捕及生態破壞問題。

Queensland yellowtail angelfish, Chaetodontoplus meredithi is a western Pacific species distributed along the eastern coast of Australia. The research on this species is limited to relevant records of the ecological location, and the knowledge of the integral spawning and early development of this species is particularly limited. In this study, natural spawning, early ontogeny, and microstructure of C. meredithi are described and illustrated by using optical microscope, dissecting microscope and scanning electron microscope. The effects of temperature (21, 27 and 33°C) and salinity (29, 33 and 37 psu) on hatching rate and deformity rate were also demonstrated. Natural spawning of C. meredithi (female: male ratio 1:1) in capacity was observed from May 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. Throughout the entire spawning period, the water temperature fluctuated between 27 and 29 °C and the salinity fluctuated between 33 and 34 psu. Daily fecundity for the 161 days in which spawning occurred averaged 2920 ± 334 ( mean ± SE ) eggs per female, and the average eggs per gram was approximately 3179 ± 132 eggs. Fertilization rates ranged between 0% and 100% ( average 87.6 ± 1.1 %)
and hatching rate rage between 77% and 100% (92.4 ± 1.1%) Fertilized eggs were spherical, transparent and buoyant and had a diameter of 0.850 ± 0.001 mm. An oil globule diameter of 0.196 ± 0.001 mm. Embryonic development lasted 15h 6min at 26.0 ± 0.1 °C. The newly hatched larvae were 2.93 ± 0.01 mm in total length (TL) with melanophores evenly distributed on myomeres. Larvae at three days post hatching (DPH) were 2.98 ± 0.08 mm in total length, and eyes, mouth, and anus were fully developed (average mouth gape was 329 ± 5 μm) . At 14 DPH, with melanophores covered the whole body and the notochord started to flex. At 48 DPH, juvenile stage was completed, and all fins had the adult complement of ray and spines (D. XIII, 17-19；A. III, 17-19). Under scanning electron microscope, the pores on the egg surface were uniform in size and evenly distributed with a density about 61/100 μm2 . The micropyle was cylinder shape, and the size was about 7.1 μm in diameter. The neuromasts appeared at newly hatched larvae, and the number increase parallel with the fish growth; at 6 DPH, the formation of teeth were observed; and at 16 DPH, the skin were covered with spines. In the temperature and salinity interaction experiment, the best hatcing group was temperature 27°C × salinity 33 psu treatment group. The hatching rate was significantly higher than most of the treatments ( P < 0.05), and the deformity was significantly lower than the others ( P < 0.05). In This study, we not only provide the significant information for captive breeding of C. meredithi, but also slow down the problems of over capturing and ecological destruction.

第一章 前言 1
1.1 緒言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 1
1.3 研究目的 10
第二章 材料與方法 11
2.1 實驗設計 11
2.2 親魚培育及自然產卵觀察 11
2.3餌料生物培育 13
2.4 仔稚魚培育 14
2.5 梅氏荷包魚胚胎及仔稚魚形態發育之光學和解剖顯微鏡觀察 16
2.6 梅氏荷包魚胚胎及仔稚魚形態發育之掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察 17
2.7 不同溫度及鹽度交叉對梅氏荷包魚孵化率及畸形率的影響 19
2.8 統計分析 19
第三章 結果 21
3.1 自然產卵 21
3.2 梅氏荷包魚胚胎及仔稚魚形態發育之光學和解剖顯微鏡觀察 22
3.3 梅氏荷包魚卵和仔稚魚的掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察 28
3.4 不同溫度及鹽度交叉對梅氏荷包魚孵化率及畸形率的影響 29
3.5 魚苗培育試驗 30
第四章 討論 31
4.1 產卵行為觀察及產卵週期與其他環境因子之相關性 31
4.2 梅氏荷包魚初期生活史 32
4.3魚卵微細構造觀察 36
4.4 仔魚微細構造觀察 37
4.5 溫度與鹽度對魚卵及胚胎的影響 38
第五章 結論 41
第六章 參考文獻 43
附錄 99

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