帳號:guest(3.21.98.206)          離開系統
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  

詳目顯示

以作者查詢圖書館館藏以作者查詢臺灣博碩士論文系統以作者查詢全國書目勘誤回報
作者:楊敦翔
作者(英文):Tun-Hsiang Yang
論文名稱:被診斷為 ADHD 兒童的生活經驗:以花蓮某偏鄉地區為例
論文名稱(英文):The Lived Experience of ADHD Children in the Remote Areas of Hualien County
指導教授:翁士恆
指導教授(英文):Shyh-Heng Wong
口試委員:曾凡慈
李維倫
口試委員(英文):Fan-Tzu Tseng
Wei-Lun Lee
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立東華大學
系所名稱:諮商與臨床心理學系
學號:610683008
出版年(民國):109
畢業學年度:108
語文別:中文
論文頁數:94
關鍵詞:ADHD注意力缺失/過動疾患偏鄉詮釋現象學
關鍵詞(英文):ADHDchildren’s lived experiencehermeneutic phenomenologyindigenous psychologyidentity
相關次數:
  • 推薦推薦:0
  • 點閱點閱:80
  • 評分評分:系統版面圖檔系統版面圖檔系統版面圖檔系統版面圖檔系統版面圖檔
  • 下載下載:8
  • 收藏收藏:0
本論文旨在探究ADHD兒童於偏鄉的生活經驗,以藉此揭露偏鄉ADHD盛行率偏高的原因、診斷路徑及意義,並說明可能存於ADHD症狀下的核心受苦,同時初探鄉村地區益於ADHD兒童的潛在優勢處境。
本研究以詮釋現象學作為研究方法,並以花蓮某偏鄉課輔班為核心研究場域,透過為期半年之參與式觀察與訪談形成研究文本。研究結果顯示,此研究場域確實存有ADHD比例偏高之現象,其中的可能因素包含:(一)胎兒具有高可能性曾暴露於酒精;(二)成長於相對城市與中產階級「弱勢」的早期經驗;(三)發展性創傷、3C使用對注意力、情緒表現的後遺性影響;(四)地域性因素限定特定關鍵人,易有權力過度集中之現象;(五)ADHD的藥物作為有效的「非生物」協助方式。此外,本研究亦發現於ADHD症狀外可能的受苦核心是孩子所需要的關愛、歸屬與心理上的照顧,且可能因著每一個孩子的狀況而有不同,但超出於ADHD診斷標準外的脈絡經常不易於梳理與理解,甚至可能有無法回應的窘境,故逐漸形成一種「藥/愛」的共存性與共依性:為了給出對孩子的關愛,藥必須在場,形成一種迂迴之愛。最後,本研究發現當前處境的核心可能存於以「城市/發展/中產階級」的眼光作為唯一的發展路徑時所帶來匱乏心態,且最終往往落入無以為繼與流離失所的無奈;相反地,當能擱置既有的「好」想像時,將會發現鄉村其實具備更適合所謂「ADHD兒童」的生活條件(如:環境的開闊性、學習的開放性與可能性),因而提出「困境即優勢」的可能性論述。
盼本研究有助於不同專業工作者對ADHD兒童的理解,並引發後續的反思與討論,重新思考當前鑑定、治療及教育流程的適切性與限制,讓教育體制、教學方式、醫療介入皆能更貼近當事人的生活經驗與需要。
Objectives: To reveal the reasons, diagnostic process and meanings behind the higher prevalence, this study aimed to understand the lived-experience of ADHD children in remote area of Taiwan. Also, described sufferings behind the symptoms of ADHD and preliminary investigated the advantages of ADHD children in rural areas.

Methods: The approach is based on hermeneutic phenomenology, which involved participant observation of 6 months and 5 interview subjects.

Results: Higher prevalence might be on account of the following factors: (1) higher risk of exposure to alcohol, (2) disadvantaged family background comparing to city or middle-class, (3) the influences of developmental trauma, smart phone or tablets on attention and emotion, (4) over specific key persons due to geographic factor, (5) drugs as an effective “non-biological” assistance, and the real needs behind the symptoms of ADHD might be belongingness and psychological care. Although it differs from person to person, the symptoms of ADHD were definitely limited to explain the suffering. However, the context behind the criteria was arduous and demanding to understand, even made key-persons at one’s wits’ end. Gradually formed the phenomenon of “interdependence between drugs and care”. To provide care, drug must exist, otherwise the behaviors were not understandable.

Conclusion: The core dilemma of ADHD children in the remote area might lie in the mindset which took “city/development/middle class” as the only route to be “good”, and kept people in rural areas from finding the “good living conditions for ADHD children”. It made the drugs become the “only” and most “effective” way toward the dilemma, however it seems also made people from remote areas and ADHD children feel deficient or uncertain about themselves toward the end. Therefore, as a worker around ADHD children in rural areas, it is important to see the advantages locally and develop corresponding intervene strategy to the lived-experience and needs.
謝誌 i
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 我與過動兒的複雜交往 1
1.2 我與花蓮偏鄉處境的邂逅 3
1.3 作為一位訓練中的臨床心理師 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 兒童如何獲得診斷? 7
2.2 現行的診斷模式 11
2.3 以藥物為主的治療有什麼疑慮? 16
2.4 ICF 對 ADHD 的研究 18
第三章 研究方法 23
3.1 詮釋現象學 23
3.2 研究設計 24
(一)文本來源 24
(二)文本分析方法 25
3.3 倫理議題 27
(一)研究者的反身性(reflexitivity) 27
(二)知後同意(informed consent) 28
(三)保密與匿名性(confidentiality and anonymity) 29
(四)保護當事人免受傷害(protection from harm) 29
第四章 研究結果 31
4.1 出生 32
高機率暴露於酒精或其他物質及其難以估量之影響 32
4.2 成長 33
(一)脆弱的家庭結構與貧窮的社經地位 34
(二)3缺與3C代管的教養風格 35
(三)被忽略的早期(創傷)經驗 36
4.3 適應 39
(一)ADHD在教育現場的突兀 39
(二)過動與不專心的模糊邊界 41
(三)學校的支持促成醫療介入 43
(四)失控或失序行為凸顯的環境涵融困局 44
4.4 認定 45
(一)「必須先」轉介至醫療體系 46
(二)課輔撐起的醫療介入 47
(三)被動的醫療帶來的失落與所得 49
(四)「必須先」之後—教育體制的改變力量與協助論述 51
(五)教育身份的飄泊歷程—過動與學障的難分難解 53
4.5 態度 56
(一)藥物的效果與身份引發的態度轉變 56
(二)介入的副作用與身份帶來的疑慮 57
(三)用藥為「唯一」的道路與人性運作的結果 61
第五章 討論 67
5.1 花蓮偏鄉地區 ADHD 兒童的盛行率過高之可能因素 68
(一)潛在暴露於酒精與其他有害物質 68
(二)「弱勢」的早期經驗 69
(三)地域性因素造成的權力過度集中 72
(四)藥物介入作為有效的「非生物」協助方式 73
5.2 ADHD 診斷的症狀意義及平行時空中的受苦核心 75
5.3 花蓮偏鄉地區的困境即優勢的論述 77
5.4 研究限制與展望 83
第六章 結論 85
參考文獻 87
附件 93
王浩威(2014)。透明的存在。張老師月刊 ,438期,31-35。
王詩雲(2019)。過動兒處境的民族誌研究 — 從 ICF 的生態性建構進行反思(未出版之博士論文)。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
王湘瑋、廖偉翔(譯)(2016)。精神病大流行:歷史、統計數字,用藥與患者(原作者:Robert Whitaker)。新北市:左岸文化出版。(原著出版年:2010)
朱恩伶(譯)(2009)。給媽媽的貼心書:孩子、家庭和外面的世界(原作者:Donald W. Winnicott)。台北市:心靈工坊文化。(原著作出版年:1964)
呂苡榕(2017年4月25日a)。我家孩子 ADHD:缺失的教育資源,漏接的特殊學生。Initium Media。取自 https://theinitium.com/article/20170425-taiwan-ADHD1/
呂苡榕(2017年4月25日b)。我家小孩 ADHD:健保大餅怎麼分,決定小孩能看哪種醫生。Initium Media。取自 https://theinitium.com/article/20170425-taiwan-ADHD2/
李維倫(2011)。反思臨床心理學訓練:探究美國「科學家-實務者」模式與專業能力學習的本質。中華心理衛生學刊,24(2),173-207。doi:10.30074/CJMH.201106.0002
李維倫(2017)。「匱乏」的困境與「有」的獲得:偏鄉學童教育資源的有無之辨,人社東華,13。
周正修、陳錫洲、陳永煌、羅慶徽(2007)。注意力不良過動症的診斷與治療。基層醫學,22(9),304-310。
林怡芳、陳家豪、陳麗芳(2010)。認識過動症 ADHD 用藥。臨床藥學,26(1),14-19。
孟瑛如、謝瓊慧(2012)。國小ADHD出現率、鑑定、藥物治療與教養措施之調查研究。特殊教育與輔助科技學報,5,1-34。doi:10.6684/JRSEAT.201211.5.1
侯伯勳、林志堅、遲景上、陳展航(2003)。臺中地區某國小低年級學童注意力不足過動症候群盛行率初探。慈濟醫學雜誌,15(3),163-167。doi:10.6440/TZUCMJ.200306.0163
高玉泉、蔡沛倫(2016)。兒童權利公約逐條要義。台北市:衛生福利部社會及家庭署。
翁士恆、楊敦翔(2018年4月)。偏鄉兒童處境與東華大學諮商與臨床心理學系之在地實踐。楊洲松(主持人),偏鄉翻轉教育的實作與挑戰。大學之社會責任國際學術研討會,國立暨南國際大學。
凃怡安、徐如維、黃凱琳、劉慕恩、陳牧宏(2017)。注意力不足過動症:診斷與治療之現今概況。臨床醫學月刊,79(3),154-157。doi:10.6666/ClinMed.2017.79.3.028
花郁婷(2013)。過動症兒童的鑑定與處置之社會學分析(碩士論文)。取自https://hdl.handle.net/11296/ftp39k
梁振翊、周肇茂、何佩珊、謝天渝、楊奕馨(2004)。台灣地區飲酒盛行率調查報告。Taiwan Journal of Oral Medicine & Health Sciences,20(2),91-104。doi:10.7059/TJOMHS.200410.0091
商志雍、高淑芬(2010)。注意力不足過動症。台灣醫學,14(4),395-400。doi:10.6320/FJM.2010.14(4).05
莊國瑋、陳志軒、楊蕙黛、林見榮、于瑛輝、王榮俊、高木榮(2007)。胎兒酒精症候群病童的復健醫療介入。北市醫學雜誌,4(5),339-349。
莊國瑋、陳志軒、高木榮(2008)。胎兒酒精症候群之發展及氣質特徵/三例學齡前兒童預後追蹤。北市醫學雜誌,5(5),535-541。http://dx.doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.2008.5.5.07。
曾凡慈(2015)。兒童過動症的在地興起與專業技能網絡的變遷。科技醫療與社會,21,15-75。
曾凡慈、劉毓翔(2017)。建構童年異常:新聞媒體中的兒童過動症及其轉變。社會分析,14,75-115。doi:10.3966/221866892017020014003
黃惠玲(2008)。注意力缺陷過動疾患研究回顧。應用心理研究,40,197-219。
黃惠芳(2008)。國小 ADHD 學童自我概念與人際關係之相關研究(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號 096TMTC5284013)
楊國明、朱正一(2010)。東台灣山地鄉兒童過動及注意力缺陷症的盛行率及相關因子。台灣公共衛生雜誌, 29(5),410-419。
蔡明輝、李宏鎰、黃千洪(2004)。過動症候群患者之臨床特徵及就醫行為分析。特殊教育季刊,90,8-12。
劉思潔(譯)(2017)。心靈的傷,身體會記住(原作者:Bassel van der Kolk)。新北市:大家出版。(原著出版年:2014)
American Psychiatry Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatry Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: American Psychiatry Association.
Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Mick, E., Wozniak, J., Chen, L., Ouellette, C., ... & Lelon, E. (1996). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and juvenile mania: an overlooked comorbidity?. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(8), 997-1008.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1970). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA
Brown, R. T., Amler, R. W., Freeman, W. S., Perrin, J. M., Stein, M. T., Feldman, H. M., ... & Wolraich, M. L. (2005). Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: overview of the evidence. Pediatrics, 115(6), e749-e757.
Bölte, S., Mahdi, S., Coghill, D., Gau, S. S.-F., Granlund, M., Holtmann, M., … Selb, M. (2018). Standardised assessment of functioning in ADHD: consensus on the ICF Core Sets for ADHD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(10), 1261–1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1119-y
Cherland, E., & Fitzpatrick, R. (1999). Psychotic side effects of psychostimulants: a 5-year review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44 (8), 811-813.
Callahan, J., Parlman, K., Beninato, M., & Townsend, E. (2006). Perspective: Impact of the IIISTEP conference on clinical practice. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 30(3), 157-166.
D'Andrea, W., Ford, J., Stolbach, B., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2012). Understanding interpersonal trauma in children: Why we need a developmentally appropriate trauma diagnosis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 187.
De Schipper, E., Lundequist, A., Wilteus, A. L., David Coghill, ·, Petrus, ·, De Vries, J., … Bölte, · Sven. (2015). A comprehensive scoping review of ability and disability in ADHD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 24, 859–872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0727-zdoi:10.1007/s00787-015-0727-z
De Schipper, E., Mahdi, S., Coghill, D., de Vries, P. J., Gau, S. S. F., Granlund, M., … Bölte, S. (2015). Towards an ICF core set for ADHD: a worldwide expert survey on ability and disability. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0778-1
Graham, J., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Danckaerts, M., Dittmann, R. W., ... & Hulpke-Wette, M. (2011). European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 20(1), 17-37
Graham, J., & Coghill, D. (2008). Adverse effects of pharmacotherapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS drugs, 22(3), 213-237.
Kim, S. G., Park, J., Kim, H. T., Pan, Z., Lee, Y., & McIntyre, R. S. (2019). The relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity in South Korean adolescents. Annals of general psychiatry, 18(1), 1.
Knopik, V. S., Heath, A. C., Jacob, T., Slutske, W. S., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A., ... & Martin, N. G. (2006). Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design. Psychological medicine, 36(10), 1461-1471.
Langdridge, D. (2007). Phenomenological psychology: Theory, research and method. England: Pearson Education.
Levinas, E., & Kearney, R. (1986). Dialogue with Emmanuel Levinas. Face to face with Levinas, 13, 18-19.
Mahdi, S., Ronzano, N., Knüppel, A., Dias, J. C., Albdah, A., Chien-Ho, L., … Bölte, S. (2018). An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1124-1
Mahdi, S., Viljoen, M., Massuti, R., Selb, M., Almodayfer, O., Karande, S., ... & Bölte, S. (2017). An international qualitative study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(10), 1219-1231.
Morton, W. A., & Stockton, G. G. (2000). Methylphenidate abuse and psychiatric side effects. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2(5), 159.
Park, C., & Park, Y. R. (2014). The conceptual model on smart phone addiction among early childhood. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(2), 147.
Sax, L., & Kautz, K. J. (2003). Who First Suggests the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Annals of Family Medicine, 1 (3), 171–174. http://doi.org/10.1370/afm.3
Selb, M., Escorpizo, R., Kostanjsek, N., Stucki, G., Üstün, B., & Cieza, A. (2015). A guide on how to develop an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 51(1), 105-17.
Singh, I. (2012). VOICES Study: Final Report. London, UK.
Spinazzola, J., Ford, J. D., Zucker, M., van der Kolk, B. A., Silva, S., Smith, S. F., & Blaustein, M. (2005). Survey Evaluates: Complex Trauma Exposure, Outcome, and Intervention Among Children and Adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35 (5), 433.
Sroufe, L. A., & Stewart, M. A. (1973). Treating problem children with stimulant drugs. New England journal of medicine, 289 (8), 407-413.
Swanson, J., Greenhill, L., Wigal, T. I. M., Kollins, S., Stehli, A., Davies, M., ... & Abikoff, H. (2006). Stimulant-related reductions of growth rates in the PATS. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(11), 1304-1313.
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., Eyre, O., & Langley, K. (2013). Practitioner review: what have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54 (1), 3-16.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2005). Developmental trauma disorder: toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric annals, 35 (5), 401-408.
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experiences. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Van Manen, M. (2014). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. New York: Routledge.
World Health Organization. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: Author.
World Health Organization. (2007). International classification of functioning, disability and health for children and youth. Geneva: Author.
(此全文20240709後開放外部瀏覽)
01.pdf
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
* *