沙發衝浪（Couchsurfing）可以讓旅人找到願意接待他們的當地人。沙發客（Couchsurfing guest）與沙發主（Couchsurfing host）的互動經常包含快速、密集的社交，以及某個程度的文化交流。此研究透過半結構訪談十五位受訪者探討沙發衝浪如何促進多元文化交流。受訪者來自於不同國家，其身份包括沙發客與沙發主。此外，研究者也擔任沙發主，在台灣花蓮的家接待十八位沙發客，在過程中觀察並分析他與沙發客之間的互動。此研究的目的在於深探並分析沙發衝浪者的經驗，以及他們在參與文化交流時感受到的愉悅、挫折、動力與阻礙。
結果表明，圍繞沙發衝浪進行文化交流的議題可分為三大類：主客關係與互動、沙發衝浪觀點與寰宇主義（Cosmopolitanism）以及沙發衝浪的系統。在沙發衝浪中，主客關係的本質很複雜，可能導致非常豐富的文化交流狀態，也可能導致主客之間發生衝突。沙發衝浪者通常對文化交流最感興趣，並渴望通過人際關係來了解彼此的文化。沙發衝浪的系統使用不同的工具來增加沙發衝浪者之間的信任，但是仍然是一個幾乎沒有規則的系統，這導致沙發衝浪體驗與其所包含的文化交流具有很大程度的多樣性和隨機性。

Couchsurfing allows travellers to find a local that is willing to host them. The relation between couchsurfing host and guest typically involves fast and intense social interaction as well as some degree of cultural exchange. This qualitative research uses 15 semi-structured interviews to explore how couchsurfing promotes cultural exchange between people of diverse cultural backgrounds. Interviewees come from Taiwan as well as abroad, and both couchsurfing hosts and couchsurfing guests are included. In addition, the author has hosted 18 couchsurfing guests at his home in Hualien city, Taiwan, in order to observe and analyse his interactions with the guests. This study discusses and analyses the couchsurfers’ experiences, as well as the motivations, joys, frustrations and issues surrounding their participation in a cultural exchange.
Results show that issues surrounding cultural exchange on couchsurfing can be grouped into three main categories: host-guest relations and interaction; couchsurfer attitude and cosmopolitanism; and couchsurfing system. The nature of host-guest relations in couchsurfing is complicated and can lead to either a very intense state of cultural exchange or conflict between host and guest. Couchsurfers are generally most interested in the human aspect of culture and aspire to learn about each other’s culture through person-to-person interaction. The couchsurfing system uses different tools to increase trust between couchsurfers, but remains a mostly rule-free system, which results in a great degree of diversity and randomness in couchsurfing experiences as well as the nature and extent of cultural exchange taking place.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究問題與目的 5
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 何謂文化？ 9
第二節 文化交流的定義 11
第三節 寰宇主義 13
第四節 沙發衝浪中的主客關係 15
第三章 研究方法 20
第一節 研究設計 20
第二節 初步研究 27
第三節 研究過程 30
第四節 研究倫理 31
第五節 研究反思 32
第四章 研究結果 36
第一節 主客關係與互動 36
第二節 沙發衝浪觀點與寰宇主義（cosmopolitanism） 51
第三節 沙發衝浪的系統 58
第四節 小結 70
第五章 結論 75
第一節 獨特的主客關係 75
第二節 沙發衝浪作為社群 76
第三節 沙發衝浪平台的設計 76
第四節 研究限制 77
第五節 未來研究建議 78
參考文獻 80
知情同意書 85
Consent Form 86

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