近年來的研究證實增加身體活動量會帶來許多益處，在健康促進方面有提升基本體適能，改善內分泌系統，強化免疫能力，降低心血管疾病與重大疾病發生率與死亡率，在大腦生理方面會增加腦血流量，增加海馬迴容積與強化神經網絡連結，在心理方面能夠調節情緒、釋放壓力、降低焦慮程度。研究發現不論是急性運動(有氧運動或者是阻力運動)，或者是長期運動介入，都能夠提升注意力表現、改善執行功能以及提升工作記憶能力。不同身體活動量的大學生、成年人及老人的身體活動量與視覺空間工作記憶研究發現，身體活動量愈大，視覺空間工作記憶作業表現愈好，學者證實ADHD孩童經由急性有氧運動介入可以短期促進視覺空間記憶能力，但仍未針對急性運動對健康成年人視覺空間工作記憶的效果進行探討。因此本研究目的在探討健康成年人接受急性有氧運動介入後對於注意力與視覺空間工作記憶的影響。本研究有2項實驗，第一項實驗招募48位中低身體活動量成人，中身體活動量成年人進行注意力網絡作業及視覺空間工作記憶的前測，結束後同時接受以40%-60%儲備心跳率作為運動強度的急性有氧運動介入30分鐘，包含5分鐘熱身，20分鐘主運動，5分鐘緩和後再進行後測，低身體活動量成年人則是觀看30分鐘水上救生影片，比較不同身體活動量的族群接受實驗介入後後對於注意力以及視覺空間工作記憶表現的影響。第二項實驗是採用單一受試者倒返實驗設計，包括基線期1、介入期1、基線期2以及介入期2，招募3位低身體活動量成人，在基線期與介入期中，每隔3天進行1次30分鐘急性有氧運動介入，探討急性有氧運動介入移除後對於注意力與視覺空間工作記憶的持續影響。實驗一結果: (1) 採取中等強度急性有氧運動的中身體活動量成年人後在注意力網絡作業的平均反應時間、無線索提示、中央線索提示、空間線索提示以及不一致性側翼後測反應時間呈現顯著效果。(2) 採取中等強度急性有氧運動的中身體活動量成年人在科西敲擊作業的記憶廣度以及記憶分數沒有呈現顯著效果。實驗二結果: (1) 低身體活動量成年人在中等強度急性有氧運動介入後在改善注意力網絡作業的反應時間、功能分數有立即的成效。(2) 低身體活動量成年人在中等強度急性有氧運動移除後在改善注意力與視覺空間工作記憶表現沒有保留的成效。

Recent research has shown increasing physical activity has many positive effects, from healthy promotion aspaect to psychological aspect, elevate the fitness level, promote the function of Endocrine system, strengthen the immune system, lower the cardiovascular disease and mortality rate, increase the cerebral blood flow and hippocampus volume, strength the central nervure network connection, regulate the emotion, releasing the stress, reduce the level of anxiety. Despite the acute exercise ( aerobic exercise or resistance exercise) or long-term exercise interventions, could lead to increasing the performance of attention and promote the executive function and working memory. Among different physical activity volume of university students, adults and elders research have indicated more physical activity volume, better performance of visual spatial working memory task. Another research result claim ADHD children could promote the short-term visual spatial working memory ability through the acute aerobic exercise. There are still have no research about effects of acute aerobic exercise on the visual spatial working memory of healthy adults, therefore this studt aim to investgate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on the attention and visual spatial working memory among healthy adults. There are 2 experiments in this study. In Experiment 1, 48 medium to low physical activity volume partticipants were recruited. Participants’s cognition was monitored before and after intervention by using the attention network task (ANT) and corsi block tapping task (CBTT). During intervention, the medium physical activity participants do spinning bike exercise last for 30 minutes (5 minutes warm-up, 20 minutes exercise, 5 minutes cool down) with 40% - 60% heart rate reserve through the exercise phase, the low physical activity volume participants watch the water safty video for 30 minutes. In experiment 2, the method was single case study (A-B-A-B design) and 3 low physical activity volume participants were recruited. Participants’ cognition were monitored every three days in 4 sessions. At 2nd and 4th session, participant finish exercise intervention before cognition task.。Experiment 1 result have shown (1) Medium physical activity participants benefit from reaction time acute aerobic exercise when no cue trails, central cue trails, spatial cue trails, and incongruent trails have significant difference. (2) No significant difference was found in memory span and memory score. Experiment 2 result have shown (1) Low physical activity participants benefit from immediately effects of acute aerobic exercise at 1st intervention sessions at reaction time and ANT network scores. (2) The performance was back to 1st baseline level after withdraw.

第壹章 緒論........1
第一節 研究背景........1
第二節 研究目的........4
第三節 研究問題與假設........4
第四節 名詞解釋........5
第五節 研究範圍與限制........7
第貳章 文獻探討........9
第一節 身體活動量的重要性........9
第二節 注意力與視覺空間工作記憶........16
第三節 急性有氧運動的相關研究........20
第四節 注意力與視覺空間記憶與身體活動量相關研究........22
第五節 急性有氧運動與注意力、視覺空間工作記憶相關研究........28
第參章 研究方法........35
第一節 研究對象........35
第二節 研究工具........35
第三節 實驗一........38
第四節 實驗二........41
第肆章 結果........45
實驗一........45
第一節 描述性統計........45
第二節 運動介入對注意力網絡作業之反應時間影響........45
第三節 運動介入對注意力網絡作業之功能分數影響........49
第四節 運動介入對注意力網絡作業之正確率影響.........51
第五節 運動介入對科西敲擊作業之影響........52
實驗二........54
第一節 各階段內注意力網絡作業與科西敲擊作業之結果分析.........54
第二節 各階段間注意力網絡作業與科西敲擊作業之結果分析........104
第伍章 討論........127
實驗一........127
第一節 注意力網絡作業反應時間方面........127
第二節 注意力網絡作業功能分數方面........128
第三節 注意力網絡作業正確率方面........129
第四節 科西敲擊作業記憶廣度與記憶分數方面........129
實驗二........130
第一節 運動對注意力網絡作業反應時間的影響........130
第二節 運動對注意力網絡功能分數的影響........131
第三節 運動對注意力網絡作業正確率的影響........132
第四節 運動對科西敲擊作業記憶廣度與記憶分數的影響........133
第陸章 結論與建議........135
第一節 結論........135
第二節 限制與建議........136
參考文獻........138

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