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作者:張弘政
作者(英文):Hung-Cheng Chang
論文名稱:長篇小說《羅屋的和羅屋的》
指導教授:李依倩
指導教授(英文):Yi-Chien Lee
口試委員:郝譽翔
魏貽君
口試委員(英文):Yu-Xiang Hao
Yi-Chun Wei
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立東華大學
系所名稱:華文文學系
學號:610808104
出版年(民國):112
畢業學年度:111
語文別:中文
論文頁數:129
關鍵詞:新屋客家家族書寫女性
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「我們姊妹倆都一樣沒用。」

在姨丈的喪禮後,我問媽,她會不會和阿姨一樣,在終於擺脫那些男人的折磨後,哭倒在他們的棺木前。
媽回答的時候,臉上沒有自嘲的笑容,也沒有悔恨的憤怒,彷彿她說的話是某種世間運行的規則。太陽東昇西落;每年春夏秋冬,智者看透世界運行的本質,即使離了婚,她也不可能脫離男人給她的折磨。

新屋是母親的娘家,我出生以來就在新屋生活。新屋雖廣,卻又因緊密而狹小,超過八成的人口都是客家人,只要努力看看,總能在不同的新屋人身上找到與自己的血脈連結。
我的家族就是新屋的縮影,老家三棟房子比鄰而居,是阿太拆掉三合院後,新建給三兄弟的洋樓。我家在老家對面,隔著一條小圳與農田。表舅們就落腳在同條馬路的前與後,小舅與我們相隔另一塊菜圃。整個鄰里都是羅家的人,彷彿大家拿根竹竿,隨便畫塊地就開始蓋房子。每個人的距離太緊,只好緊盯著對方,議論著彼此和彼此。
離開新屋以前,我一直覺得新屋是張網,把全家族的人全都困在這裡。隨著增長,發現在網裡掙扎的都是女性,不和諧的怪異在童年留下疑問,當時的我不明白自己的困惑與不適,直到離開新屋求學,我才看清我的疑惑。

她們歸屬於某個男人;被家庭綑綁;被家族吸血。經歷或許略有不同,但最終都成了支撐家族的養分。而每個客家男人,無論是出生於血脈的、因婚姻而進入的、因婚姻而誕下的,都因為過剩的營養開始軟弱潰爛,唯獨在自己的女人面前,才又回魂起男人的雄壯與威武。
我所見到的客家女人都是堅強而無畏的,卻彷彿甘願落入這些男人的網裡,被吸吮得只剩軀殼,缺了血液的腦袋無法思考,不能逃跑,只好放任身體依靠本能掙扎。偶爾掉掉淚;埋怨幾句,證明自己也是無可奈何後,再次投身於家族之中。
母親就這樣,從自己的阿公開始,歷經了父親、兄弟、丈夫、姪子、兒子,剝削成了習慣,習慣成了定律。或許正是少了生存的法則而無所適從,阿姨才會哭倒在狠狠折磨自己的男人棺木前。

在聽見母親決定離婚後,我抱著阿姨大哭,當時的我以為,我在為了母親的遭遇而哭。直到離了婚,母親終於露出笑容後,我才明白我的眼淚。
我也成了吐絲的男人,把困在新屋的母親綑上了堅固的鏈條。

時至今日我仍在思考,我究竟是還沒長成客家男人的模樣,還是客家女人的詛咒在母親訴請離婚的當下,終於被她的勇氣打破。

我想書寫一個有關家族,有關新屋的故事。我想告訴大家這些女人的堅毅與果敢,這些女人的愚蠢與悲哀,這些女人犧牲與奉獻。

除了取材便利、田調資料豐富外,想在時代更迭迅速,城市逐漸同化鄉村的時代,透過書寫保留新屋客家庄的鄉土與特色。也想替我所見到的,卻難以發聲、不認為自己遭遇有價值的女性們書寫她們的故事。
"We sisters are both useless"
After our uncle's funeral, I asked my mother if she would end up like my aunt, finally free from the torment of those men, but cry before their coffins. When my mother answered, there was no self-deprecating smile on her face, nor was there any resentful anger. It was as if she was stating some rule of the world's workings. The sun rises and sets; each year brings its spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The wise see through the essence of the world's operations, and even after divorce, she could not escape the torment inflicted upon her by men.
Xinwu is my mother's hometown, I also have lived there since birth. Although Xinwu is spacious, it is also cramped due to its close-knit nature. Over eighty percent of the population is of Hakka descent, and with some effort, one can always find connections with different people in Xinwu based on their bloodline. My family is a microcosm of Xinwu, with three adjacent houses where my grandparents, uncles, and aunt lived. These houses were newly constructed by my great-grandfather after tearing down the old sanheyuan. Our house is across the road from the old house, separated by a small ditch and farmland. My mother’s cousins reside on the same road, one in front and the other behind, and my youngest uncle lives on another farmland. The whole neighborhood is populated by people with the surname Luo, just like everyone took a bamboo pole, drew a piece of land, and started building their houses. Everyone is so close that they have no choice but to stare and gossip about each other.
Before leaving Xinwu, I always felt like it was a net that trapped the entire family. As I grew older, I realized that it was the women struggling within the net. The disharmony and monstrosity left me questioning during my childhood, but I didn't understand my confusion and discomfort until I left Xinwu to pursue my education. It was then that I saw clearly what troubled me.
They all belonged to some man; bound by the family; sucked dry by the clan. Their experiences may vary, but in the end, they all became nutrients sustaining the family. And every Hakka man, whether born into the bloodline, brought in through marriage, or born from a marriage, with an excess of nourishment, began to weaken and decay. Only in front of their women, they regain their manly vigor and strength.
The Hakka women I've seen are strong and fearless, yet they seem willing to fall into the web of these men, being sucked blood until only their husks remain, lacking the blood in their brains to think, unable to escape, and forced to rely on their instincts to struggle. Occasionally shedding tears, complaining for a while to prove their helplessness, they once again immerse themselves in the family.
My mother is like this, starting with her grandfather, going through father, brothers, husband, nephews, and son, being exploited until it became a habit, and the habit became a law. Perhaps it is because there is a lack of rules for survival that Aunt cried bitterly before the coffin of the man who tormented her.
After hearing my mother's decision to divorce, I hugged Aunt and cried. At that time, I thought I was crying for my mother's experience. It wasn't until the divorce, and my mother finally smiled, that I understood the reason for my tears.
I also became a man who traps women, shackling my mother at Xinwu.
To this day, I am still pondering whether I have not yet become the image of a Hakka man or if the curse of Hakka women was finally broken by my mother's courage when she asked for a divorce.
I want to write a story about the family and Xinwu. I want to show everyone the perseverance and decisiveness of these women, their foolishness and sorrow, their sacrifices, and their devotion.
In addition to the convenience of resources and abundant material from the field survey, I hope to use writing to preserve the local culture and characteristics of Xinwu, at a time when the era is changing rapidly, and urbanization is gradually assimilating rural areas. I also wish to write the stories of these women who are difficult to speak up, who do not believe their experiences are valuable.
人物關係圖 1
第一章 新屋的羅屋 3
第二章 分我一個名 15
第三章 巧克力過敏 33
第四章 和諧的五谷園 45
第五章 姑姑著的花裙 59
第六章 等我拿到身分證 77
第七章 我還有地方要去 97
第八章 羅屋的小女兒 115


奧爾嘉.朵卡萩(Olga Tokarczuk)著,易麗君、袁漢鎔譯,《太古和其他的時間》
(大塊文化,2006.09)
尹章義主編,《新屋鄉志》(百巨國際文化,2008.09)
莫言,《豐乳肥臀》(作家出版社,2012.12)
范銘如,《空間/文本/政治》(聯經,2015.07)
陳思宏,《鬼地方》(鏡文學,2019.12)
奧爾嘉.朵卡萩(Olga Tokarczuk)著,葉祉君譯,《雲遊者》(大塊文化,2020.11)
(此全文未開放授權)
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