染料敏化太陽能電池是一種製程容易、具有可撓性、成本低廉的第三世代奈米薄膜太陽能電池。染料敏化太陽能電池結構主要由二氧化鈦工作電極、染料、電解質和白金對電極四個部分所組成，其中白金材料成本昂貴、稀有和容易溶解於電解液中，因此需要尋找白金的替代材料。
本研究分為三個部分，首先我們以聚苯胺材料作為染料敏化太陽能電池的對電極材料，並藉由摻雜不同比例的四氧化三鐵來提升對電極的催化特性。本研究以FE-SEM分析電極的表面形貌、以AFM分析薄膜表面粗糙度、以EDS了解元素組成、以XRD分析結晶相位、以CV探討電化學特性，並將其製作成元件，在PANI/Fe3O4 0.5%為對電極時，其轉換效率與Pt接近，可達到6.02%。
其次，本研究以不同比例鎳金屬錯合物去還原氧化石墨烯形成奈米複合材料作為對電極，分析其薄膜表面形貌、元素組成、以及電化學特性，製作成太陽能電池，在GO/Ni (1:3)做為對電極時，其轉換效率可高於Pt，達到7.27%。
最後，本研究以不同比例鐵金屬錯合物去還原氧化石墨烯形成奈米複合材料，製作染料敏化太陽能電池對電極，以FE-SEM分析電極的表面形貌、以EDS測量元素組成、以XPS觀察材料特性、以CV分析電化學特性，並將其製作成染料敏化太陽能電池元件，在GO/Fe (1:3)做為對電極時，其轉換效率與Pt的差異不大，可達到6.78%。

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a third-generation nanometer thin-film solar cell with the easy manufacturing process, flexibility, and low cost. The structure of the DSSC is mainly composed of four parts: titanium dioxide working electrode, dye, electrolyte, and platinum (Pt) counter electrode. Among them, the Pt material is expensive, rare, and easily soluble in the electrolyte, so it is necessary to find a substitute material for Pt.
This study is divided into three parts. First, we used polyaniline (PANI) material as the counter electrode materials for DSSCs and improved the catalytic characteristics of the counter electrode by doping with different proportions of ferric oxide (Fe3O4). In this study, the surface morphology of the electrode was analyzed by FE-SEM, the surface roughness of the film was measured by AFM, the elemental composition was studied by EDS, the crystal phase was analyzed by XRD, and the electrochemical characteristics were discussed by CV. When PANI/Fe3O4 0.5% was used as the counter electrode, the efficiency of the device reached 6.02%, which was close to that of the device with a Pt electrode.
Second, we used different ratios of nickel (Ni) metal complexes to reduce the graphene oxide (GO) to form nanocomposites, and the nanocomposites were used as the counter electrodes for DSSCs. This study further analyzed the film surface morphology, element composition, and electrochemical characteristics of the counter electrodes. When GO/Ni (1:3) was used as the counter electrode, the efficiency of the device reached 7.27%, which was higher than that of the device with a Pt electrode.
Finally, different ratios of iron (Fe) metal complexes were used to reduce the graphene oxide (GO) to form nanocomposites, and the nanocomposites were used as the counter electrodes for DSSCs. This study also analyzed the film surface morphology, element composition, and electrochemical characteristics of the counter electrodes. When GO/Fe (1:3) was used as the counter electrode, the power conversion efficiency of the device reached 6.78%, which was close to that of the device based on a Pt electrode.

第一章 序論 1
1.1前言 1
1.1.1能源近況 1
1.1.2太陽能 2
1.2太陽能電池 4
1.2.1太陽能電池種類發展 4
1.2.2染料敏化太陽能電池 6
1.3實驗儀器及研究原理 10
1.3.1熱場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(Thermal Field emission scanning electron microscope, FE-SEM) 10
1.3.2 能量色散X光譜儀(Energy dispersive spectrometers, EDS) 10
1.3.3原子力顯微鏡(Atomic force microscopy, AFM) 11
1.3.4拉曼光譜分析儀(Raman) 13
1.3.5 X光光電子能譜儀(x-ray photoelectron spectrometer, XPS) 14
1.3.6 X射線繞射分析儀(X-Ray Diffractometer, XRD) 14
1.3.7太陽光模擬器(Solar Simulator) 16
1.3.8電化學分析儀(EIS) 18
1.3.9外部量子轉換效率分析儀(IPCE) 21
1.4參考資料 22
第二章 聚苯胺/四氧化三鐵複合材料應用於染料敏化太陽能電池對電極之研究 25
2.1前言 25
2.2實驗步驟 26
2.2.1材料製備 26
2.2.2電極製備 28
2.2.3 DSSC元件製作 29
2.3結果與討論 30
2.3.1奈米結構分析 30
2.3.2化學元素結構鑑定分析 32
2.3.3電化學電性分析 36
2.3.4元件特性量測 37
2.4結論 41
2.5參考文獻 42
第三章 石墨烯/鎳錯合物複合材料應用於染料敏化太陽能電池對電極之研究 43
3.1前言 43
3.2實驗步驟 44
3.2.1材料製備 44
3.2.2電極製備 46
3.2.3 DSSC元件製作 47
3.3結果與討論 48
3.3.1奈米材料分析 48
3.3.2化學結構鑑定分析 50
3.3.3電化學電性分析 55
3.3.4元件特性量測 56
3.4結論 60
3.5參考文獻 61
第四章 石墨烯/鐵錯合物複合材料應用於染料敏化太陽能電池對電極之研究 63
4.1前言 63
4.2實驗步驟 64
4.2.1材料製備 64
4.2.2電極製備 66
4.2.3 DSSC元件製作 67
4.3結果與討論 68
4.3.1奈米材料分析 68
4.3.2化學結構鑑定分析 70
4.3.3電化學電性分析 74
4.3.4元件特性量測 75
4.4結論 79
4.5參考文獻 80
第五章 總結論 81

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2.5參考文獻
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3.5參考文獻
[1] O’Regan, Brian; Grätzel, Michael. "A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films." Nature. 1991, 353: 737-740.
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[3] 黃偉智，"奈米複合材料於染料敏化太陽能電池對電極之研究"國立東華大學光電工程研究所碩士論文，2015

4.5參考文獻
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