我國隨著社會變遷與醫療衛生的進步，生育率與死亡率雙雙出現下降的趨勢，整體人口結構快速趨向高齡化，依據衛生福利部長期照顧十年計畫2.0（106~115 年），政府推動以在地老化為目標，建立社區為基礎之多元連續且普及之照顧服務體系。其中，在增強疾病預防與健康促進服務中，以提供長者基本日常需求及兼顧營養健康照護的飲食服務為其中一項重點推動的服務。然而台灣有些偏鄉幅員廣大人口分散，又因為受到地形影響交通不便，人力資源有限，對於每日的食材運輸是為一大挑戰。因此能有效的降低食材及運送成本，才能持續推動偏鄉地區老人之餐食服務。本研究以花蓮市農會農民直銷站為基礎，建立在地小農與照服機構合作模式，並加入農產物流系統，藉由K-means分群及掃描法與基因演算法做最佳路徑規劃降低運輸成本，拓展在地小農銷售途徑與減少雙方人力成本，並提高雙方合作意願。

As the progress of social change and medical treatment in our nation, both fertility and mortality rates have shown a downward trend, and the overall population structure is becoming aging rapidly. According to the Ten-Year Long-term Care Program 2.0 of Ministry of Health and Welfare, the government establishes a comprehensive community-based diversified and universal care service system to help elderly and disable people in need. Among the system, providing the basic daily needs and nutrition and health care service are the key points in the enhancement of disease prevention and health promotion services project. However, in some remote villages in Taiwan, the population is scattered, the transportation is inconvenient due to the terrain, and the human resources are limited. It is a big challenge for the daily food transportation. Therefore, by reducing the cost of food transportation effectively, it is possible to promote the nutrition and health care service for the elderly person in remote areas continually. This research will establish a cooperation model between local small farmers and care facilities which based on farmers association in Hualien city, and then join the agricultural products logistic system by using K-means clustering, followed by sweep and genetic algorithms to make optimal route planning and reduce transportation costs. The results of this research may expand the sales channels of local small farmers, reduce the labor costs of both local small farmers and care facilities, and increase their willingness for cooperation.

第一章　緒論　　　　　　　　　　　　1
第二章　文獻回顧　　　　　　　　　　7
第三章　研究步驟及方法　　　　　　　17
第四章　實驗數據及結果分析　　　　　47
第五章　結論及建議　　　　　　　　　61
參考文獻　　　　　　　　　　　　　　67
附件　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　71

■　長期照顧十年計畫2.0 （106~115 年） - 衛生福利部
■　「109年度花蓮縣社區照顧資源據點名冊」, 花蓮縣政府社會處行政科彙編。取自https://www.hl.gov.tw/Detail/e426f5e94b0640eab76a855ff852ab4d 。
■　「中華民國人口推估（2018至2065年）」報告，國家發展委員會（2018）彙編。取自https://pop-proj.ndc.gov.tw/download.aspx?uid=70&pid=70
■　「當季好蔬果有機農產」。網址：http://goo.gl/05L1A4
■　中華郵政公司關懷農產行銷實施計畫(2014)。
■　王玉雲(2017)。社區照服高齡者餐食創新服務模式，以NP-餐飲集團為例。東海大學高階經營管理碩士在職專班（研究所）碩士學位論文
■　花蓮縣統計資訊服務網，花蓮縣主計處107年「農耕土地面積」及「農戶人口數」統計表。網址：https://static.hl.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=2429
■　孫智麗、劉依蓁。社會企業之組織型態與發展模式-從我國農企業案例看農業 產業化發展策略。經濟日報，2013年1月29日專欄。
■　孫智麗、劉依蓁。社會企業之組織型態與發展模式-從我國農企業案例看農業產業化發展策略。台灣經濟研究月刊，第36卷第3期(201303)
■　許文富(2004)。農產運銷學。
■　銀色大門-老人送餐平台。產地到長輩的餐桌8：兩個我們可以解決「老人食堂困境」的方法, (2020/10/22) 。
■　蔡佩芬。社區居家老人飲食現況與發展-全球樂齡飲食正夯。TAIWANESE GERONTOLOGICAL FORUM, VOLUME31 台灣老年學論壇，第 31 期，2016 年 08 月。(http://www.iog.ncku.edu.tw/riki/riki.php?CID=1&id=TGF32)
■　衛生福利部統計處。106老人狀況調查。https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/cp-1767-38429-113.html 。
■　魏碧珠。行政院農業委員會農業出版品「農政與農情」，97年11月（第197期）。
■　行政院農業委員會107年8月1大型(外銷)農產品物流中心計畫106至109年度。
■　簡立賢(2020)-韓國小農農產品直接銷售系統與發展策略。
■　農糧署莊金谷、徐惠瑩。行政院農業委員會農業出版品「農政與農情」，103年4月（第262期）。
■　新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2）感染臨床處置暫行指引-行政院衛生福利部疾病管制署編，2021 年 5 月 14 日第十版。
■　Baker, B. M., & Ayechew, M. A. (2003). A genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Computers & Operations Research, 30(5), 787-800.
■　Hiassat, A., Diabat, A., & Rahwan, I. (2017). A genetic algorithm approach for location-inventory-routing problem with perishable products. Journal of manufacturing systems, 42, 93-103.
■　Hovardas, T., & Poirazidis, K. (2007). Environmental policy beliefs of stakeholders in protected area management. Environment Manage, 39(4), 515-525.
■　http://www.jsu.edu/depart/ccba/jthomas/downloads/370/370sp07routing.ppt
■　K-means clustering, Wikipedia。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering
■　Kovács, A. (2011). Optimizing the storage assignment in a warehouse served by milkrun logistics. International Journal of Production Economics, 133(1), 312-318.。
■　Kusrini, K. (2015). Grouping of Retail items by using K-Means clustering. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 495-502.
■　Chia-En Kang(2019). Solve Two-Echelon Location Routing Problem with Dynamic Satellites by Tabu Search combined with K-means
■　Li, J. (2019). Optimal design of transportation distance in logistics supply chain model based on data mining algorithm. Cluster Computing, 22(2), 3943-3952.
■　O'Brien, Patrick M. & Penn, J.B. & Schertz, Lyle & Harrington, David H. & Fox, Austin S. & Clayton, Kenneth C. & Gallimore, William W. & Paarlberg, Philip L. & Webb, Alan J. & Ericksen, Milton H. & Jo, (1981). "Agricultural-Food Policy Review: Perspectives for the 1980's," Economics Statistics and Cooperative Services (ESCS) Reports 279724, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
■　Peya, Z. J., Akhand, M. A. H., & Murase, K. (2018). Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Solving through Adaptive Sweep Based Clustering plus Swarm Intelligence based Route Optimization. Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 11(2), 88-102.
■　Setiani, P., Fiddieny, H., Setiawan, E. B., & Etika, D. (2018, January). Optimizing delivery route by applying milkrun method. In Conference on Global Research on Sustainable Transport (GROST 2017) (Vol. 147).
■　Shi, Y., Boudouh, T., & Grunder, O. (2017). A hybrid genetic algorithm for a home health care routing problem with time window and fuzzy demand. Expert Systems with Applications, 72, 160-176.
■　Toth, P., & Vigo, D. (2002). Models, relaxations and exact approaches for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 123(1-3), 487-512.。