地景遺傳學探討地景元素對生物族群遺傳結構之影響，如棲地破碎化可能造成族群變小且族群間的基因交流受阻，導致族群間之遺傳結構分化，再伴隨遺傳漂變可能進一步使遺傳多樣性降低。本研究以台灣特有種兩棲類動物諸羅樹蛙作為對象，藉由解析能力較強之微衛星DNA作為遺傳標記，檢測其位於雲林、嘉義及台南麻豆地區之族群遺傳多樣性，並以空間自相關法分析個體層級遺傳資訊以推估基因交流距離。同時我將族群遺傳結構與地景資料進行比對，探討地景阻隔對諸羅樹蛙基因交流之影響，另亦透過貝氏分群法探討基因交流的地理阻隔所在。結果顯示在大空間尺度下，族群間的遺傳距離與地理距離之關係符合距離隔離理論；而小空間尺度下，距離隔離理論不一定成立，地景組成之影響力較大，地景上受分割的族群，其遺傳多樣性較低且彼此間的遺傳分化較大，而影響遺傳結構之主要地景元素為竹林、道路與建築。本研究依據結果擬定諸羅樹蛙之遺傳多樣性保育方針，建議未來亦可採用其他更細緻的遺傳標記進行研究以比對分析。

Landscape genetics explores the effects upon genetic structures caused by landscape elements (e.g., the area proportion of forests, rivers, buildings, and roads). Habitat fragmentation might cause smaller populations and limited gene flow among populations, followed by differentiation of population genetic structures, random genetic drift, and loss of genetic diversity. I examined the population genetic structure of Zhangixalus arvalis using four microsatellite loci and compared them with landscape patterns. Spatial autocorrelation and Bayesian cluster analysis were also conducted to measure gene flow and genetic barriers among populations. The results indicated that the genetic structure matches the isolation by distance (IBD) model at a broad scale. The influence of landscape features is noticeable at fine-scaled population structures, in which fragmented landscapes lead to the lower genetic diversity of each population and a higher level of genetic differentiation among populations. Bamboo forests, roads, and buildings are the landscape elements that significantly affect gene flow and genetic structures. I propose several conservation suggestions according to the results of population genetics. Besides, using genomic-based genetic markers (e.g., SNPs) is advised to increased precision in population genetic parameter estimates in further research.

摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
1.前言 1
2.材料與方法 5
2.1實驗物種、樣區設置與樣本採集 5
2.2 DNA萃取、微衛星基因座片段增幅與基因型判讀 6
2.3大空間尺度之遺傳多樣性與遺傳結構分析 7
2.4小空間尺度之遺傳多樣性與遺傳結構分析 8
3.結果 11
3.1野外樣本採集 11
3.2跨物種測試及PCR成功率 11
3.3諸羅樹蛙整體遺傳多樣性與遺傳結構 11
3.4小尺度下遺傳多樣性與遺傳結構及與地景之關聯性 13
4.討論 17
4.1 Zhangixalus屬微衛星基因座引子跨種應用於諸羅樹蛙之成效評估 17
4.2諸羅樹蛙遺傳多樣性與遺傳結構 18
4.2.1不同空間尺度之距離隔離理論詮釋 19
4.2.2以個體層級資訊衡量遺傳多樣性 20
4.2.3麻豆族群遺傳結構與遺傳多樣性 22
4.3諸羅樹蛙族群遺傳與地景之關聯性 23
4.3.1棲地破碎化與遺傳多樣性 23
4.3.2影響族群遺傳結構之地景元素 25
4.4諸羅樹蛙保育遺傳學 26
5.結論與建議 29
6.參考資料 31
7.圖表 41

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