考慮到影像處理技術和互聯網技術的不斷進步，本論文專注於數位影像領域中保護資料完整性和安全性的關鍵挑戰。隨著商業影像處理工具的普及，對數位影像的輕鬆操作和篡改成為可能，因此，迫切需要有效的對策來確保其真實性和可靠性。

為應對這些挑戰，我們提出了一種全面的方法，引入了一種區塊編碼方法來檢測篡改和實現影像恢復。我們的演算法融合了浮水印，將自我恢復資訊和身份驗證位元整合在每組四個非重疊的區塊中。通過使用查表，我們能夠將浮水印有效地嵌入到相應的區塊中。

為了評估我們提出方法的有效性，我們進行了一系列針對不同影像的實驗。評估範圍包括感知性、篡改檢測和恢復等。實驗結果強有力地支持我們方法的優點。所提出的方法始終生成具有高視覺品質的含浮水印影像，保持整體美感的同時也確保了不可察覺性，這在實際應用中是至關重要的因素。

我們的方法展示了出色的篡改檢測能力，能夠使用嵌入的浮水印準確地定位篡改區域。此外，它展示了在篡改率高達 90% 的情況下實現影像恢復的顯著潛力。浮水印中編碼的自我恢復資訊在恢復篡改區域方面發揮了至關重要的作用，增強了恢復影像的完整性和可靠性。與最先進方法的全面比較確認了我們方法在多個面向的優異性，包括感知性、篡改檢測和恢復等。

This thesis focuses on the challenge of safeguarding data integrity and security in the realm of digital images, considering the constant advancements in image processing techniques and internet technology. With the availability of commercial image processing tools that enable effortless manipulation and tampering of digital images, there is an urgent need for effective countermeasures to ensure their authenticity and reliability.

To tackle these challenges, we propose a comprehensive method that introduces a block encoding approach for detecting tampering and enabling image recovery. Our algorithm incorporates a watermark, integrating self-recovery information and authentication bits from groups of four non-overlapping blocks. By employing a lookup table, we effectively embed the watermark into the corresponding blocks independently.

To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted experiments using various images. The evaluation encompasses imperceptibility, tamper detection, and recovery. Our results strongly support the merits of our approach. The proposed method consistently produces watermarked images with high visual quality, preserving the overall aesthetics while ensuring imperceptibility—a crucial factor for practical applications.

Our method demonstrated excellent tamper detection capability, accurately localizing tampered regions using the embedded watermark. Furthermore, it exhibited significant potential for image recovery, even with tampering rates as high as 90%. The self-recovery information encoded in the watermark played an essential role in restoring tampered regions, enhancing the integrity and reliability of the recovered image. A comprehensive comparison with state-of-the-art approaches confirms the superior performance of our method across multiple dimensions, including imperceptibility, tamper detection, and recovery.

致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
Contents IV
List of Figures VI
List of Tables VIII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Thesis Organization 4
Chapter 2 Backgrounds 5
2.1 Arnold’s Cat Map 5
2.2 Quality Measurements 6
Chapter 3 Related Work 11
3.1 A Hierarchical Digital Watermarking Method for Image Tamper Detection and Recovery 11
3.2 Dual Watermark for Image Tamper Detection and Recovery 13
3.3 An Effective Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Color Image Tampering Detection and Self-Recovery 18
3.4 Authentication and Self-Recovery Using a New Image Inpainting Technique with LSB Shifting in Fragile Image Watermarking 21
Chapter 4 The Proposed Method 25
4.1 Watermark Embedding 26
4.1.1 Watermark Generation 27
4.1.2 Watermark Modification 30
4.1.3 Block Map Generation 31
4.1.4 Block Watermark Embedding 32
4.2 Tamper Detection 34
4.3 Tamper Recovery 35
Chapter 5 Experimental Results and Discussion 37
5.1 Data Set 37
5.2 Performance of the Proposed Method 38
Chapter 6 Conclusions 51
References 52

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