本研究乃探討目前臺灣偏鄉地區實際應用小客車及無人機進行慢性連續處方箋的藥物配送之成本效益比較分析。針對符合偏鄉人口密度的玉里鎮 10 里地區，經衛福部 2020 年度領取慢性病連續處方箋藥物的總需求人次之人口比例和平均工作日計算所得出的單日需求量數目，進行小客車及無人機的配送，並依照完成全部需求點配送作業後的成本，據分銷成本、直接費用成本、直接人工成本、營業總成本等會計帳項目劃分，作為比較依據。
研究目的比較的是小客車及無人機進行藥物配送時，兩配送模式相同及差異處的成本變化。本論文首先建構兩配送模式模型，後續以模型計算所得之數值進行後續成本內容計算。為便於比較兩配送模式差異性，此研究也針對需求量比例增、減各 10%至 20%，且針對不同配送模式所調整之供給模型參數設定探討不同的需求量及不同狀況的設定下，小客車及無人機配送模式所需花費的供給面成本狀況。最後，在兩配送模式共同的藥師直接人工成本進行探討，了解該成本內容因不同配送模式、需求量變化、模型參數設定下而產生的成本變化和各面項之影響。
據本研究結果得知，小客車配送模式較無人機更可能在一般勞工單日工時上限下完成配送作業，且同時使用較少的營業成本費用完成同需求比例變化的配送數。證明小客車配送模式在種種條件、和當今硬體設備限制下，其經濟效益較無人機配送模式高，且更具現實層面配送之可行性。

This study explores the comparative analysis of the cost analysis of the actual application of vans and drones for drug delivery of refillable prescriptions in remote areas of Taiwan. For the 10-mile area of Yuli Town, which is in line with the population density of remote areas, the Ministry of Health and Welfare calculated the number of people who received refillable prescriptions for chronic diseases in 2020 based on the proportion of the population and the number of daily needs calculated by the average working day. The distribution of drones is based on the cost after completing the distribution operations of all demand points, and is divided according to accounting items such as distribution costs, direct expense costs, direct labor costs, and total operating costs, as a basis for comparison.
The purpose of the study is to compare the cost changes of the same and different distribution modes when vans and drones are used for drug delivery. This thesis first constructs the model of the two distribution modes, and then uses the value calculated by the model to calculate the subsequent cost content. In order to facilitate the comparison of the differences between the two distribution modes, this research also focuses on the increase and decrease of the demand ratio by 10% to 20%, and discusses the settings of different demand and different conditions for the parameter settings of the supply model adjusted by different distribution modes. Next, the supply-side cost situation required for the distribution mode of vans and drones. Finally, the direct labor cost of pharmacists common to the two distribution modes is discussed to understand the cost changes and the impact of various aspects of the cost content due to different distribution modes, demand changes, and model parameter settings.
According to the results of this study, the distribution mode of vans is more likely to complete the distribution operation under the upper limit of the daily working hours of ordinary laborers than the UAV, and at the same time use less operating costs to complete the number of distributions that vary in proportion to the demand. It proves that under various conditions and the limitations of today's hardware equipment, the vans distribution mode has higher economic benefits than the drone distribution mode, and is more feasible for realistic distribution.

第一章 緒論 1
第 1 節 研究背景、動機與目的 1
第 2 節 研究內容及流程 5
第 3 節 研究架構 8
第二章 文獻探討 9
第 1 節 「可近性」問題，交通偏遠的困境 9
第 2 節 無人機在運送醫療藥品中之使用表現 11
2-1、 無人機在各領域之實際應用 11
2-2、 無人機在運送EMS的使用表現 13
第 3 節 慢性病與慢性連續處方箋內容的規範 14
3-1、 慢性病 14
3-2、 慢性連續處方箋 15
3-3、 慢連箋的使用、取藥，及開立天數問題 15
第 4 節 配送系統決策的演算模型 16
4-1、 影響配送規劃之因素 16
4-2、 擬定配送計畫之步驟 18
4-3、 配送計畫之構面 22
4-4、 規模問題 25
4-5、 車隊規模 26
4-6、 機隊規模 28
第三章 資料蒐集與整理 29
第 1 節 流程圖 29
第 2 節 資料剖析 30
第 3 節 車隊規模決策模式建立 53
3-1、 影響車隊規模的因素 53
3-2、 模式之假設與推導流程 55
3-3、 車隊規模決策模式 57
第 4 節 機隊規模決策模式建立 58
4-1、 機隊規模與車隊規模的不同之處 58
4-2、 資料轉換 61
4-3、 無人機飛行距離數據 62
4-4、 無人機配送的時間計算 63
4-5、 機隊規模決策模式 65
第四章 實證個案分析 69
第 1 節 小客車車隊配送模式 69
1-1、 背景介紹 69
1-2、 資料蒐集與整理 70
1-3、 車隊規模 75
1-4、 小結 78
第 2 節 無人機機隊配送模式 78
2-1、 背景介紹 78
2-2、 資料蒐集與整理 79
2-3、 機隊規模 85
2-4、 小結 87
第 3 節 兩配送模式成本比較分析 88
第 4 節 兩配送模式成本之比例分析 111
第 5 節 分析與討論 135
第五章 結論與建議 137
第 1 節 研究結論 137
第 2 節 研究建議 138
參考文獻 140
附錄 146
附錄一 小貨車配送模式模型列表 146
附錄二 小貨車配送模式模型列表 148
附錄三 小貨車配送模式模型列表 149
附錄四 小貨車配送模式模型列表 150
附錄五 小貨車配送模式模型列表 151
附錄六 無人機配送模式模型列表 152

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