持久性有機污染物（Persistent organic pollutants, POPs）其結構穩定，在環境中不容易分解，經常存留於環境中。由於POPs具有親脂性、生物累積性及毒性，污染物進入海洋環境中會吸附在水中顆粒的有機碳中，當生物濾食水中顆粒時，污染物將經由食物鏈累積在海洋生物體中，造成海洋生物之危害，更威脅海洋生態環境及人類健康。牡蠣生長於潮間帶及淺海的岩礁，濾食海水中有機顆粒，蓄積污染物的能力強，直接累積記錄當地環境污染物，為常用之環境指標生物。本研究針對台灣西部沿岸野生牡蠣進行POPs（PAHs、PCBs、OCPs及PBDEs）檢測，探討POPs在沿岸地區牡蠣累積的含量，物種之間的差異，及POPs對脂肪含量及環境的相關性，並且評估消費者食用牡蠣的健康風險。分析結果顯示，在西部沿岸野生牡蠣皆檢測到此四種POPs，平均濃度大小依序為PAHs（102.42±79.64 ng/g dw）＞PBDEs（5.81±9.66 ng/g dw）＞PCBs（5.12±6.13 ng/g dw）＞OCPs（1.24±1.02 ng/g dw），其變異受到各測站污染狀況不同及物種不同而有所差異，整體而言與其他國家比較，台灣西部沿岸屬於較低污染地區。屏東山海-港口（303.29±66.98 ng/g dw）的牡蠣PAHs濃度最高，可能由於該測站為港口，直接受到船隻排放廢氣及油污染；PCBs濃度則以台南安平（19.41±0.34 ng/g dw）較高，可能與當地工廠排放廢水有關；PBDEs濃度以嘉義東石（34.39±2.41 ng/g dw）最高，推測是受到上游污水處理廠排放廢水造成。PAHs及OCPs累積在牡蠣之濃度與在體內脂肪含量呈正相關，而PCBs及PBDEs累積在牡蠣之濃度主要是受到當地沉積物影響。主成分分析結果發現，牡蠣與環境因子之PAHs組成相似，主要以3環的PAHs組成為主；牡蠣體內PCBs組成以親脂性較強的6氯為主，而水中顆粒及沉積物以3、4氯為主；在PBDEs的組成大都以BDE209為主；在DDTs的組成最主要以DDE為主，表示環境中未有新的DDT污染。牡蠣PAHs及PCBs的BAF值大多大於1，且PCBs累積能力比PAHs高25倍，說明PCBs雖然已被禁止使用，在環境中濃度低，而生物體能從環境中長期累積PCBs。毒性當量方面，PAHs及PCBs的TEQ值並未超出食品污染物衛生標準；健康風險評估顯示，食用當地環境野生牡蠣風險是屬於安全範圍內。

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are structurally stable, not easily decomposed in the environment, and often remain in the environment. Due to the lipophilicity, bioaccumulation and toxicity of POPs, pollutants entering the marine environment will be adsorbed in the organic carbon of water particles. The harm to living things also threatens the marine ecological environment and human health. Oysters grow on intertidal and shallow reefs, filter organic particles in seawater, and have a strong ability to accumulate pollutants. They directly accumulate and record local environmental pollutants and are commonly used environmental indicators. In this study, POPs (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and PBDEs) were detected in wild oysters along the western coast of Taiwan, to explore the accumulation of POPs in oysters in coastal areas, the differences between species, and the correlation of POPs to fat content and the environment, and to evaluate Health risks of oyster consumption by consumers. The analysis results showed that these four POPs were detected in wild oysters along the western coast, and the average concentrations were PAHs (102.42±79.64 ng/g dw)>PBDEs (5.81±9.66 ng/g dw)>PCBs (5.12±6.13 ng/g dw)>OCPs (1.24±1.02 ng/g dw), and its variation is affected by the pollution status of each station and the species. Generally speaking, compared with other countries, the western coast of Taiwan belongs to the lower pollution area. The PAHs concentration of oyster in Pingtung Shanhai-Port (303.29±66.98 ng/g dw) was the highest, probably because the station was a port and was directly polluted by ship exhaust gas and oil; dw), which may be related to the discharge of wastewater from local factories; the concentration of PBDEs in Chiayi Dongshi (34.39±2.41 ng/g dw) was the highest, presumably caused by the discharge of wastewater from the upstream sewage treatment plant. The concentrations of PAHs and OCPs accumulated in oysters were positively correlated with body fat content, while the concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs accumulated in oysters were mainly affected by local sediments. The results of principal component analysis showed that the composition of PAHs in oysters and environmental factors was similar, mainly composed of 3-ring PAHs; the composition of PCBs in oysters was mainly composed of 6-chlorine with strong lipophilicity, while the particles in water and sediments were composed of 3 and 4. Chlorine is the main component; BDE209 is the main component in the PBDEs; DDE is the main component in the DDTs, indicating that there is no new DDT pollution in the environment. The BAF values of oyster PAHs and PCBs are mostly greater than 1, and the accumulation capacity of PCBs is 25 times higher than that of PAHs, indicating that although PCBs have been banned from use, the concentration in the environment is low, and organisms can accumulate PCBs from the environment for a long time. In terms of toxic equivalents, the TEQ values of PAHs and PCBs did not exceed the hygienic standards for food contaminants; the health risk assessment showed that the risk of eating wild oysters in the local environment was within a safe range.

謝辭 i
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
圖目錄 xiii
附錄 xv
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1持久性有機污染物(POPs) 3
2.2多環芳香烴(PAHs) 5
2.3多氯聯苯(PCBs) 8
2.4有機氯農藥(OCPs) 11
2.5多溴聯苯醚(PBDEs) 15
2.6牡蠣 17
第三章 、材料與方法 19
3.1材料與儀器 19
3.1.1材料 19
3.1.2儀器 22
3.2試藥及器材前處理 23
3.3採樣及樣品前處理 25
3.4樣品處理及分析流程 29
3.4.1生物樣品分析流程 29
3.4.2水中顆粒樣品分析流程 34
3.4.3沉積物樣品分析流程 37
3.4.4矽酸鎂淨化（Florisil） 40
3.4.5水中懸浮顆粒含量及有機碳含量分析 41
3.5儀器分析 43
3.6定量方法 46
3.7品保及品管(QA/QC) 47
3.7.1方法回收率 47
3.7.2方法偵測極限 48
3.8生物累積因子（Bioaccumulation factor, BAF） 49
3.9毒性當量及健康風險評估 50
3.9.1毒性當量（Toxic equivalent quantity, TEQ) 50
3.9.2健康風險評估 51
3.10資料處理與統計分析 52
第四章 、結果與討論 53
4.1台灣西部沿岸牡蠣生物資料 53
4.2台灣西部沿岸牡蠣POPs含量分析 54
4.2.1台灣西部沿岸牡蠣、水中顆粒及沉積物POPs濃度 54
4.2.2牡蠣POPs濃度與其他文獻比較 56
4.2.3各測站牡蠣POPs含量分析 57
4.2.4不同物種牡蠣POPs濃度比較 60
4.2.5牡蠣POPs含量與脂肪含量比較 63
4.2.6牡蠣POPs含量與環境POPs含量相關性 65
4.3台灣西部沿岸牡蠣與環境POPs組成分析 70
4.3.1 PAHs主成分分析 70
4.3.2 PCBs主成分分析 71
4.3.3 DDTs之組成 72
4.3.4 PBDEs之組成 73
4.4牡蠣POPs濃度與環境中水中顆粒生物累積因子分析 74
4.5毒性當量及健康風險評估 76
4.5.1 PAHs及PCBs之毒性當量 76
4.5.2健康風險評估 78
第五章 、結論 79
參考文獻 81
附錄 95

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國家攝食資料庫 https://tnfcds.nhri.edu.tw
臺灣貝類資料庫https://shell.sinica.edu.tw
漁業統計年報 https://www.fa.gov.tw/cht/PublicationsFishYear/index.aspx
食品中污染物質及毒素衛生標準https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0040138
食品含戴奧辛及多氯聯苯處理規範 https://www.rootlaw.com.tw/LawContent.aspx?LawID=A040170051036800-1090415