本研究為發現取向研究，旨在探討參與者參加慈悲心培育訓練之經驗。本研究於正式研究前進行前導研究，前導研究顯示慈悲心培育訓練適用於台灣民眾，因此於正式研究中並未調整訓練設計。於前導研究中，有一位參與者受邀進行訪談；正式研究中則有三位參與者受訪。研究採取整體內容分析，分別呈現四位參與者參加慈悲心培育訓練的經驗，並進行討論，研究結果如下：

（一）應照顧自己的需求發展自我慈悲。
（二）發展對他人的慈悲心。
（三）探尋慈悲心對於自己的意義。
（四）藉自他換降低無力感。
（五）經驗了平靜的感受。

最後，研究者依據研究發現對於未來研究、慈悲心培育帶領者以及心理師提出建議。

This study is a discovery-oriented research aiming to explore the experiences of participants engaged in compassion cultivation training. A pilot study was conducted prior to the formal research, which indicated that compassion cultivation training was applicable to the Taiwanese population. Therefore, no adjustments were made to the training design in the formal study. In the pilot study, one participant was invited for an interview, while in the formal study, three participants were interviewed. Holistic-content analysis was conducted. The experiences of four participants in compassion cultivation training and discussion were presented. The research findings are as follows:

1. Developing self-compassion by taking care of one's own needs.
2. Cultivating compassion towards others.
3. Exploring the meaning of compassion for oneself.
4. Using tonglen to alleviate feelings of helplessness.
5. Experiencing a sense of tranquility.

Finally, based on the research findings, the researcher provides suggestions for future studies, instructors of compassion cultivation training, and psychologists.

謝誌 I
摘要 III
Abstract V
第壹章 緒論 1
一、研究背景與動機 1
二、研究目的 2
三、研究問題 2
四、名詞解釋 2
第貳章 文獻探討 5
一、宗教中的慈悲心 5
二、心理學中的慈悲心 12
三、慈悲心培育訓練與其研究 17
第參章 研究方法 27
一、研究取向 27
二、研究參與者 28
三、研究程序 30
四、研究者 31
五、研究工具 32
六、資料整理與分析 34
七、質性研究之品質 36
八、研究倫理 37
九、前導研究 39
第肆章、研究結果與討論 45
一、參與者A的經驗分析 45
二、參與者B的經驗分析 54
三、參與者C的經驗分析 62
四、參與者D的經驗分析 70
五、綜合分析與討論 77
六、研究者反思 88
第伍章、結論與建議 91
一、研究結論 91
二、研究限制 92
三、研究建議 93
參考文獻 95
附錄一　研究者札記 102
附錄二　與Jinpa博士往來之電子郵件 103
附錄三　研究參與者邀請函 104
附錄四　研究參與者知情同意書 106
附錄五　家長/法定代理人知情同意書 109

一行禪師（2007）。你可以，愛（鄭維儀譯）。橡樹林文化。（原作出版年：2002）
中台山月刊編輯部（2014）。慈悲喜捨－－上惟下覺大和尚開示。中台山月刊，173，22-24。
王叢桂、羅國英（2010）。自我發展與利他服務價值觀的融合：華人工作價值的變遷與發展。本土心理學研究，33，3-57。https://doi.org/10.6254/2010.33.3
阮光勛（2014）。促進質性研究的品質與可信性。國教新知，61(1)，92-102。https://doi.org/10.6701/TEEJ.201403_61(1).0010
李美枝、鐘秋玉（1996）。性別與性別角色析論。本土心理學研究，6，260-299。https://doi.org/10.6254/1996.6.260
索甲仁波切（1996）。西藏生死書（鄭振煌譯）。張老師。（原作出版年：1992）
教宗方濟各（2015年4月11日）。慈悲面容（台灣地區主教團及香港教區合譯）。Francis。https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/zh_tw/bulls/documents/papa-francesco_bolla_20150411_misericordiae-vultus.html
鈕文英（2021）。質性研究方法與論文寫作（三版）。雙葉書廊。
黃瑞琴（2021）。質性教育研究方法（三版）。心理。
程馨慧（2018）。紅塵不迷亦不離：法鼓山佛教徒的慈悲意義建構歷程之初探 （未出版之碩士論文）。國立嘉義大學。
釋自畊（2018）。以正念為基礎的四無量心於情緒調節的應用。諮商與輔導，394，2-5。
釋海實（1999）。《大智度論》中四無量心的地位及修持。在福嚴佛學院總校閱（主編），福嚴佛學院第八屆初級部學生論文集（707-724頁）。福嚴佛學院。
顧柔燕（2016）。佛耶對話－從基督宗教的角度看《大乘莊嚴經論》的菩薩悲心。道風：基督教文化評論，45，345-363。
Varela, F., Saron, C., Davidson, R., Brown, D., Yearley, L., Goleman, D., Salzberg, S. & Zinn, J. K.（2023）。情緒療癒：與達賴喇嘛對談正念、情緒與健康（二版）（李孟浩譯）。立緒文化。（原作出版年：1997）
Amemiya, R., & Sakairi, Y. (2020). The role of self-compassion in athlete mindfulness and burnout: Examination of the effects of gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences,166(2020), 110167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110167
Ash, M., Harrison, T., Pinto, M., DiClemente, R., & Negi, L. T. (2021). A model for cognitively-based compassion training: theoretical underpinnings and proposed mechanisms. Social Theory & Health, 19, 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41285-019-00124-x
Brito-Pons, G., Campos, D., & Cebolla, A. (2018). Implicit or Explicit Compassion? Effects of Compassion Cultivation Training and Comparison with Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction. Mindfulness, 9, 1494–1508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0898-z
Elliott, R. (1989). Comprehensive Process Analysis: Understanding the change process in significant therapy events. In M. J. Packer & R. B. Addison (Eds.), Entering the circle: Hermeneutic investigation in psychology (pp. 165–184). State University of New York Press.
Elliott, R. (2010). Psychotherapy change process research: Realizing the promise. Psychotherapy Research, 20, 123–135.
Ezhumalai, S., Muralidhar, D., Dhanasekarapandian, R., & Nikketha, B. S. (2018). Group interventions. Indian journal of psychiatry, 60(Suppl 4), S514–S521. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_42_18
Gilbert, P. (2010). An introduction to compassion focused therapy in cognitive behavior therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2010.3.2.97
Goldin, P. R., & Jazaieri, H. (2017). The compassion cultivation training (CCT) program. In E. M. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science (pp. 314-324). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.001.0001
Hill, C. E., & Corbett, M. M. (1993). A perspective on the history of process and outcome research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.40.1.3
Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011). Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: potential for psychological interventions. Clinical psychology review, 31(7), 1126–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003
Hopkins, J. (2001). Cultivating compassion: a Buddhist perspective (1st ed.). Broadway Books.
Hwang, S., Kim, G., Yang, J., & Yang, E. (2016). The Moderating Effects of Age on the Relationships of Self-Compassion, Self-Esteem, and Mental Health. Japanese Psychological Research, 58(2), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12109
Jazaieri, H., Jinpa, G. T., McGonigal, K., Rosenberg, E. L., Finkelstein, J., Simon-Thomas, E., Cullen, A., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2013). Enhancing Compassion: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Compassion Cultivation Training Program. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1113–1126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9373-z
Jazaieri, H., McGonigal, K., Jinpa, T., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of compassion cultivation training: Effects on mindfulness, affect, and emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-013-9368-z
Jazaieri, H., McGonigal, K., Lee, I. A., Jinpa, T., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2018). Altering the Trajectory of Affect and Affect Regulation: the Impact of Compassion Training. Mindfulness, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0773-3
Jinpa, T. L. (2013). Compassion cultivation training (CCT): Instructor’s Manual. Unpublished.
Jinpa, T. L. (2015). A fearless heart: How the courage to be compassionate can transform our lives. Avery.
Keenan, J. F. (2017). The Works of Mercy: The Heart of Catholicism (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation. Sage Publications.
Mahrer, A. R. (1988). Discovery-oriented psychotherapy research: Rationale, aims, and methods. American Psychologist, 43(9), 694-702. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.43.9.694
Mahrer, A. R., & Boulet, D. B. (1999). How to do discovery-oriented psychotherapy research. Journal of clinical psychology, 55(12), 1481-1493. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199912)55:12<1481::aid-jclp6>3.0.co;2-#
Murn, L. T., & Steele, M. R. (2020). What matters most? Age and gender differences in self-compassion and body attitudes among college students. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 33(4), 541–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1605334
Neff, K. D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K.D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y. (2008). Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 267-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022108314544
Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045357
Rogers, C. R. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality, and Interpersonal Relationships: As Developed in the Client-Centered Framework. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A Study of a Science. Formulations of the Person and the Social Context (Vol. 3, pp. 184-256). McGraw Hill.
Salzberg, S. (2011). Mindfulness and loving-kindness. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2011.564837
Scarlet, J., Altmeyer, N., & Harpin, R. E. (2017). The effects of Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT) on health-care workers. Clinical psychologist, 21, 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12130
The center for compassion and altruism research and education. (2022a). History. Retrieved March 19, 2022 from http://ccare.stanford.edu/about/history/
The center for compassion and altruism research and education. (2022b). Mission & Vision. Retrieved March 19, 2022 from http://ccare.stanford.edu/about/mission-vision/
Waibel, A. K. (2015). Living What the Heart Knows: Learners' Perspectives on Compassion Cultivation Training. [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Arizona]. The University of Arizona. https://hdl.handle.net/10150/579084
Weingartner, L. A., Sawning, S., Shaw, M. A., & Klein, J. B. (2019). Compassion cultivation training promotes medical student wellness and enhanced clinical care. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1546-6
Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966