This study is a comparative research on character education study in elementary school curricula between Taiwan and Indonesia using quantitative and qualitative methods. The purposes of the study are to examine: 1) the differences in character education in elementary school Taiwan and Indonesia, 2) the differences and similarities of character-building strategies in the elementary school curriculum and the learning process carried out Taiwan and Indonesia, and 3) the character education of students in the learning process Taiwan and in Indonesia.

The researcher used mixed research methods for the study. The participants in this study were 165 elementary school teachers in Taiwan and 165 elementary school teachers in Indonesia. The results of the study quantitatively used a questionnaire tool to find: 1) there were significant differences in character education in the elementary school curriculum Taiwan and Indonesia; 2) there is a correlation between the background of the country, gender, and the concept of education with the structure of character education; 3) there were significant differences in the regression analysis of the elementary school curriculum and the nature of character education, and 4) the t-test for differences in elementary school curriculum and character education traits showed significant differences.

The qualitative results of the comparison of character education in the curriculum in elementary schools between Taiwan and Indonesia using interview guidelines are 1) in Taiwan the principal and teacher create a program to internalize character education together, while in Indonesia, the principal supervises the teacher as the implementer of character values in learning intra-curricular, and extra-curricular activities; and 2) in Taiwan, and Indonesia elementary schools create internalization programs for character values outside of learning activities. The suggestions in the research that character education in the curriculum in elementary schools is internalized through the learning process learning methods adapted to elementary school and student conditions. Meanwhile, the suggestions in this study are that it is necessary to conduct similar research that is more in-depth related to character education in the educational curriculum.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION …………………………1
1.1 Background and Motivation of the Research ………………. 1
1.2 The Purpose of Study ………………………………………. 5
1.3 The Questions of Study ……………………………………. 6
1.4 The Terminology …………………………………………… 6
1.5 The Limitations …………………………………………...... 9
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………. 11
2.1 Formal Education………………………………………. 11
2.2 Elementary School Curriculum ……………………………. 19
2.3 Character Education ………………………………………. 23
2.4 Strategies in Implementing Character Education .................. 29
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY ………………………… 35
3.1 Research of Design ………………………………………… 35
3.2 Participants ………………………………………………… 47
3.3 Research Instruments ………………………………………. 58
3.4 Interview Outline …………………………………………… 66
CHAPTER FOUR THE RESULT AND DISCUSSTION ………. 73
4.1 The Differences Character Education in Elementary School Curriculum between Taiwan and Indonesia …… 73
4.2 The Differences and Similarities for Cultivating Character Education and Elementary School Curriculum Learning Process Conducted in Taiwan and Indonesia …………. 97
4.3 The Strategies of Character Education for Building Learning Processes Conducted by Taiwan and Indonesia ……………. 120
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUTION AND DISCUSSTION………. 139
5.1 Conclusion ……………………………………………… 139
5.2 Suggestion ……………………………………………… 141
REFERENCES …………………………………………… 143
Appendix A: Questionnaire Character Education Towards Human Values, Life Satisfaction, and Elementary School Curriculum (Chinese Version) ……………………………………… 157
Appendix B: Questionnaire Character Education Towards Human Values, Life Satisfaction, and Elementary School Curriculum (Indonesia version) ……………………………………… 165
Appendix C: Interview Outline Deconstruction and Reflection on Value of Character Education by Principal Elementary School in Taiwan …… 171
Appendix D: Interview Outline Deconstruction and Reflection on Value of Character Education by Teachers’ Elementary School in Taiwan ……………… 175
Appendix E: Interview Outline Deconstruction and Reflection on Value of Character Education by Principal Elementary School in Indonesia …………… 179
Appendix F: Interview Outline Deconstruction and Reflection on Value of Character Education by Teachers’ Elementary School in Indonesia …………… 183

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